{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150608413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","title":"Efficient computation of marginal probabilities in multivalued causal inverted multiway trees given incomplete information","display_name":"Efficient computation of marginal probabilities in multivalued causal inverted multiway trees given incomplete information","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150608413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","mag":"2150608413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028638195","display_name":"Dawn E. Holmes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dawn E. Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004143094","display_name":"Paul C. Rhodes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C. Rhodes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063877613","display_name":"Gerald R. Garside","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald R. Garside","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Phoenix Building, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028638195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85984214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"535","last_page":"557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.6374679207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.5427404642105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.539673924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4805605709552765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.4616900682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.44480615854263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4205266237258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38252928853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3104420006275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16475176811218262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.6374679207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.5427404642105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.539673924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4805605709552765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.4616900682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.44480615854263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4205266237258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38252928853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3104420006275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16475176811218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-111x(199906)14:6<535::aid-int1>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179935495","https://openalex.org/W1570082825","https://openalex.org/W1580324013","https://openalex.org/W1593793857","https://openalex.org/W1965548659","https://openalex.org/W1995259830","https://openalex.org/W2052958516","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2294604761","https://openalex.org/W2797078163","https://openalex.org/W2801208282","https://openalex.org/W2900744949","https://openalex.org/W3020833497","https://openalex.org/W4249186015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136735429","https://openalex.org/W170547082","https://openalex.org/W2587876411","https://openalex.org/W2358332176","https://openalex.org/W4229950834","https://openalex.org/W4301044568","https://openalex.org/W1587123803","https://openalex.org/W2128075414","https://openalex.org/W3041490575","https://openalex.org/W2970690932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maung":[0],"and":[1,148],"Paris":[2],"[Internat":[3],"J":[4],"Intell":[5],"Syst":[6],"1990,":[7],"5(5),":[8],"595\u2013603]":[9],"have":[10,111],"shown":[11],"that,":[12],"in":[13,41,97,104],"the":[14,88,98,131,140,146,153,157,171,176,195],"general":[15],"case,":[16],"solving":[17],"causal":[18,31,39,69,101,196],"networks":[19],"using":[20,130],"maximum":[21,71,149],"entropy":[22,72,150],"techniques":[23,85],"is":[24,121,179,184],"NP":[25],"complete.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"considers":[29],"multivalued":[30],"inverted":[32],"multiway":[33,102],"trees,":[34],"a":[35,117],"nontrivial":[36],"class":[37,67],"of":[38,51,68,100,133,136,156],"networks,":[40,70],"which":[42,123,168],"any":[43,49,190],"event":[44],"can":[45,73,198],"be":[46,74,113,160,199],"influenced":[47],"by":[48,129,145],"number":[50],"other":[52],"events":[53],"but":[54],"itself":[55],"only":[56],"influences":[57],"at":[58],"most":[59],"one":[60],"event.":[61],"We":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64,105,187],"for":[65,81,87,175,193],"this":[66,182],"used":[75,96],"to":[76,112,159,170,186],"find":[77],"minimally":[78,172],"prejudiced":[79,173],"estimates":[80,174],"missing":[82,177],"information.":[83],"The":[84],"required":[86],"current":[89],"problem":[90],"are":[91],"substantially":[92],"different":[93],"from":[94,109],"those":[95],"case":[99],"trees":[103],"nonlinear":[106],"constraints":[107],"arising":[108],"independence":[110],"incorporated.":[114],"In":[115],"addition,":[116],"new":[118],"algebraic":[119],"method":[120,192],"presented":[122],"isolates":[124],"an":[125],"unknown":[126],"Lagrange":[127,154],"multiplier":[128],"quotient":[132],"two":[134],"pairs":[135],"state":[137],"probabilities.":[138],"Equating":[139],"joint":[141],"probability":[142],"distributions":[143],"given":[144],"Bayesian":[147],"models":[151],"enables":[152],"multipliers":[155],"latter":[158],"determined.":[161],"An":[162],"efficient":[163],"iterative":[164],"tree":[165],"traversal":[166],"algorithm":[167],"converges":[169],"information":[178,183],"described.":[180],"When":[181],"added":[185],"already":[188],"provided,":[189],"existing":[191],"updating":[194],"network":[197],"used.":[200],"\u00a91999":[201],"John":[202],"Wiley":[203],"&":[204],"Sons,":[205],"Inc.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
