{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020956086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","title":"Image processing approaches to biological three-dimensional electron microscopy","display_name":"Image processing approaches to biological three-dimensional electron microscopy","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020956086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","mag":"2020956086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030577876","display_name":"G\u00e1bor T. Herman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabor T. Herman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","Center for Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043619276","display_name":"R. Marabini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-1684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Marabini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jos\ufffd-Mar\ufffda Carazo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104776","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/015w4v032","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\ufffd-Mar\ufffda Carazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Biotecnologi\u0301a, Campus Universidad Auto\u0301noma, 28049 Madrid, Spain","Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnologi\u0301a, Campus Universidad Auto\u0301noma, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097088958","display_name":"Edgar Gardu\ufffdo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Gardu\ufffdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042909","display_name":"R.M. Lewitt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Lewitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045873181","display_name":"Samuel Matej","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-0032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Matej","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030577876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946","https://openalex.org/I84392919"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.6064151525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5933187007904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-microscope","display_name":"Electron microscope","score":0.5764588117599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.5617583990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-specimen","display_name":"Biological specimen","score":0.473773717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42901280522346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4258689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-tomography","display_name":"Electron tomography","score":0.4117351174354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3820689618587494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.35991716384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.35587412118911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23467698693275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22837558388710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.18533805012702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16402259469032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1589641273021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy","display_name":"Scanning transmission electron microscopy","score":0.12560182809829712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.6064151525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5933187007904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93877712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132560","display_name":"Electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5764588117599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5617583990097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64389972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075980","display_name":"Biological specimen","level":2,"score":0.473773717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42901280522346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4258689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75806775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358194","display_name":"Electron tomography","level":4,"score":0.4117351174354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3820689618587494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.35991716384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.35587412118911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23467698693275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22837558388710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18533805012702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16402259469032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1589641273021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193016168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874835","display_name":"Scanning transmission electron microscopy","level":3,"score":0.12560182809829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(2000)11:1<12::aid-ima3>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154596903","https://openalex.org/W165314414","https://openalex.org/W617403369","https://openalex.org/W648768292","https://openalex.org/W655807207","https://openalex.org/W836928870","https://openalex.org/W1210424432","https://openalex.org/W1492556495","https://openalex.org/W1494862209","https://openalex.org/W1549116052","https://openalex.org/W1632778076","https://openalex.org/W1679809042","https://openalex.org/W1805989424","https://openalex.org/W1820688260","https://openalex.org/W1965581896","https://openalex.org/W1966041739","https://openalex.org/W1967303488","https://openalex.org/W1967489089","https://openalex.org/W1974538887","https://openalex.org/W1975507428","https://openalex.org/W1980612250","https://openalex.org/W1984294432","https://openalex.org/W1984731606","https://openalex.org/W1984772691","https://openalex.org/W1987408796","https://openalex.org/W1987437141","https://openalex.org/W1992472166","https://openalex.org/W1993696359","https://openalex.org/W1995227830","https://openalex.org/W1999270225","https://openalex.org/W1999299629","https://openalex.org/W2002945353","https://openalex.org/W2005260525","https://openalex.org/W2018986990","https://openalex.org/W2019912800","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2022930596","https://openalex.org/W2023226631","https://openalex.org/W2025686042","https://openalex.org/W2026786095","https://openalex.org/W2030255580","https://openalex.org/W2036393813","https://openalex.org/W2036714085","https://openalex.org/W2038889753","https://openalex.org/W2040426321","https://openalex.org/W2041115669","https://openalex.org/W2047588163","https://openalex.org/W2047629718","https://openalex.org/W2049455910","https://openalex.org/W2052510922","https://openalex.org/W2057092671","https://openalex.org/W2059650515","https://openalex.org/W2061755524","https://openalex.org/W2062671282","https://openalex.org/W2063068378","https://openalex.org/W2066819987","https://openalex.org/W2071234050","https://openalex.org/W2077916011","https://openalex.org/W2086639577","https://openalex.org/W2089704642","https://openalex.org/W2093105736","https://openalex.org/W2093650342","https://openalex.org/W2097396480","https://openalex.org/W2098030850","https://openalex.org/W2111527432","https://openalex.org/W2113622874","https://openalex.org/W2116888204","https://openalex.org/W2118143368","https://openalex.org/W2130520030","https://openalex.org/W2142235676","https://openalex.org/W2143712883","https://openalex.org/W2148111899","https://openalex.org/W2150703397","https://openalex.org/W2159419754","https://openalex.org/W2169118588","https://openalex.org/W2169868404","https://openalex.org/W2170563839","https://openalex.org/W2179932951","https://openalex.org/W2294494167","https://openalex.org/W2992942279","https://openalex.org/W4206428854","https://openalex.org/W4246976109","https://openalex.org/W4252839115","https://openalex.org/W4253554605","https://openalex.org/W4300857373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997970450","https://openalex.org/W2106173226","https://openalex.org/W3111994488","https://openalex.org/W168865677","https://openalex.org/W2072424450","https://openalex.org/W2003435144","https://openalex.org/W4312380571","https://openalex.org/W3036356053","https://openalex.org/W1520158892","https://openalex.org/W2113031568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electron":[0],"microscopy":[1,43],"is":[2,66],"a":[3,75],"powerful":[4],"technique":[5],"for":[6],"imaging":[7],"complex":[8],"biological":[9],"macromolecules":[10,35],"in":[11],"order":[12],"to":[13,46],"further":[14,109],"the":[15,30,34,51,56,94],"understanding":[16],"of":[17,33,50,55,113],"their":[18],"functions.":[19],"When":[20],"combined":[21],"with":[22,37],"sufficiently":[23],"careful":[24],"sample":[25],"preparation":[26],"procedures":[27],"that":[28,107],"preserve":[29],"native":[31],"structure":[32],"and":[36,70],"sophisticated":[38],"image":[39,104],"processing":[40,105],"procedures,":[41],"electron":[42,63],"can":[44],"lead":[45],"very":[47],"informative":[48],"estimates":[49],"three-dimensional":[52],"(3D)":[53],"structures":[54],"specimens":[57],"under":[58],"study.":[59],"3D":[60],"reconstruction":[61],"from":[62],"microscopic":[64],"data":[65],"achieving":[67],"high":[68],"goals":[69],"exceeding":[71],"expectations":[72],"unthinkable":[73],"only":[74],"few":[76],"years":[77],"ago.":[78],"However,":[79],"there":[80],"are":[81],"still":[82],"some":[83,112],"areas":[84],"where":[85],"either":[86],"not":[87,97],"enough":[88],"work":[89,95],"has":[90,96],"been":[91,100],"invested":[92],"or":[93],"as":[98],"yet":[99],"fruitful.":[101],"We":[102],"describe":[103],"approaches":[106],"shed":[108],"light":[110],"on":[111],"these":[114],"difficult":[115],"areas.":[116],"\u00a9":[117],"2000":[118,131],"John":[119],"Wiley":[120],"&":[121],"Sons,":[122],"Inc.":[123],"Int":[124],"J":[125],"Imaging":[126],"Syst":[127],"Technol,":[128],"11,":[129],"12\u201329,":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
