{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111730425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","title":"Performance evaluation for document analysis","display_name":"Performance evaluation for document analysis","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111730425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","mag":"2111730425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103375406","display_name":"Jonathan J. Hull","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24193003","display_name":"Ricoh (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02h4myp42","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24193003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109512","display_name":"Ricoh (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017q93w69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24193003","https://openalex.org/I4210109512"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan J. Hull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ricoh California Research Center, 2882 Sand Hill Road, Suite 115, Menlo Park, CA 94025","RICOH California Research Center, 2882 Sand Hill Road, Suite 115, Menlo Park, CA 94025"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ricoh California Research Center, 2882 Sand Hill Road, Suite 115, Menlo Park, CA 94025","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336","https://openalex.org/I4210109512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RICOH California Research Center, 2882 Sand Hill Road, Suite 115, Menlo Park, CA 94025","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24193003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103375406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24193003","https://openalex.org/I4210099336","https://openalex.org/I4210109512"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2365571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"357","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8488315343856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6943140029907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6424955725669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5645519495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5588421821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascii","display_name":"ASCII","score":0.5512356758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-layout-analysis","display_name":"Document layout analysis","score":0.49610909819602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4895566403865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subdivision","display_name":"Subdivision","score":0.48708203434944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-structure-description","display_name":"Document Structure Description","score":0.4462222754955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.42053499817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3053464889526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24403440952301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.14344391226768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13979420065879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12191334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.08885639905929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.08003401756286621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8488315343856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6943140029907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6424955725669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5645519495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5588421821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196832560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8815","display_name":"ASCII","level":2,"score":0.5512356758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72773152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287629","display_name":"Document layout analysis","level":3,"score":0.49610909819602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4895566403865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.48708203434944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68699486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265904","display_name":"Document Structure Description","level":3,"score":0.4462222754955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.42053499817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3053464889526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24403440952301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.14344391226768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13979420065879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12191334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.08885639905929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.08003401756286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<357::aid-ima10>3.0.co;2-t","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.259.2170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.259.2170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jonathanjhull.com/content/pubs/hull_ijist96.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9865929","https://openalex.org/W26450609","https://openalex.org/W563832458","https://openalex.org/W2011632873","https://openalex.org/W2022279359","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2142404595","https://openalex.org/W2159784428","https://openalex.org/W2892533349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501910896","https://openalex.org/W1971234693","https://openalex.org/W3033457200","https://openalex.org/W2132006538","https://openalex.org/W1534205747","https://openalex.org/W4310073235","https://openalex.org/W2180072294","https://openalex.org/W840083456","https://openalex.org/W10202288","https://openalex.org/W128719082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"framework":[1,14,71],"for":[2,21,84,102,163,181],"evaluating":[3,59],"the":[4,18,22,35,42,45,49,52,69,80,85,88,91,107,116,140,165],"performance":[5,93,166],"of":[6,44,51,90,97,109,111,124,142,151,167,175],"a":[7,26,126,143],"document":[8,23,60,127,144],"analysis":[9,24,61,128],"system":[10,32,129],"is":[11,33,72,94,121],"presented.":[12,95],"This":[13],"takes":[15],"into":[16,113,146],"account":[17],"task":[19,76],"definition":[20],"system,":[25],"data":[27,81],"base":[28,82],"on":[29],"which":[30,106],"that":[31,77,148],"evaluated,":[34,79],"metrics":[36],"used":[37,83],"to":[38],"evaluate":[39],"performance,":[40],"and":[41,87,154],"generalization":[43,89],"results":[46],"achieved":[47],"beyond":[48],"confines":[50],"test.":[53],"Several":[54,174],"recent":[55],"significant":[56],"efforts":[57,67],"in":[58,105],"systems":[62],"are":[63,177],"surveyed.":[64],"How":[65],"these":[66,98],"fit":[68],"general":[70],"discussed.":[73],"The":[74],"specific":[75],"was":[78,115],"evaluation,":[86],"derived":[92],"Most":[96],"projects":[99],"were":[100],"designed":[101],"limited":[103],"applications":[104],"translation":[108],"images":[110],"text":[112],"ASCII":[114],"primary":[117],"consideration.":[118],"However,":[119],"this":[120],"only":[122],"part":[123],"what":[125],"must":[130,156],"often":[131,170],"calculate.":[132],"Other,":[133],"less":[134],"easily":[135],"measured":[136],"tasks,":[137],"such":[138,168],"as":[139,179],"subdivision":[141],"image":[145],"zones":[147],"represent":[149],"regions":[150],"graphics,":[152],"photographs,":[153],"text,":[155],"also":[157],"be":[158],"performed.":[159],"Generally":[160],"accepted":[161],"solutions":[162],"measuring":[164],"tasks":[169],"do":[171],"not":[172],"exist.":[173],"them":[176],"mentioned":[178],"areas":[180],"future":[182],"research.":[183],"\u00a9":[184],"1996":[185],"John":[186],"Wiley":[187],"&":[188],"Sons,":[189],"Inc.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}