{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007121263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","title":"Visualizing document classification: A search aid for the digital library","display_name":"Visualizing document classification: A search aid for the digital library","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007121263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","mag":"2007121263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002767112","display_name":"Yew-Huey Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yew-Huey Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","IBM, Hawthorne, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Hawthorne, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070176193","display_name":"Paul Dantzig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Dantzig","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","IBM, Hawthorne, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Hawthorne, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106133580","display_name":"Martin M. Sachs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Sachs","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","IBM, Hawthorne, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Hawthorne, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036090844","display_name":"James T. Corey","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James T. Corey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Center for Library Automation, 2002 NW 13 Street, Suit 320, Gainsville, FL 32609-3478","Florida Center for Library Automation, Gainsville, FL#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Center for Library Automation, 2002 NW 13 Street, Suit 320, Gainsville, FL 32609-3478","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Center for Library Automation, Gainsville, FL#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026676133","display_name":"Mark Hinnebusch","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark T. Hinnebusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Center for Library Automation, 2002 NW 13 Street, Suit 320, Gainsville, FL 32609-3478","Florida Center for Library Automation, Gainsville, FL#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Center for Library Automation, 2002 NW 13 Street, Suit 320, Gainsville, FL 32609-3478","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Center for Library Automation, Gainsville, FL#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053574729","display_name":"Marc Damashek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Damashek","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Defense, 9800 Savage Road, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6000","U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Defense, 9800 Savage Road, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6000","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102002124","display_name":"Jonathan Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Defense, 9800 Savage Road, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6000","U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Defense, 9800 Savage Road, Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6000","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002767112","https://openalex.org/A5026676133","https://openalex.org/A5036090844","https://openalex.org/A5053574729","https://openalex.org/A5070176193","https://openalex.org/A5102002124","https://openalex.org/A5106133580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93860084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8219196200370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7196669578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6711851954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.6415919065475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5899500846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5765454769134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-library","display_name":"Digital library","score":0.5569536089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5523685216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.5396163463592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.4834821820259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.446699321269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44386759400367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.4393547773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.4384719431400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-search","display_name":"Semantic search","score":0.42930319905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.366411030292511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8219196200370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7196669578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6711851954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.6415919065475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5899500846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5765454769134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.5569536089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5523685216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.5396163463592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.4834821820259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.446699321269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44386759400367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.4393547773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.4384719431400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166423231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891170","display_name":"Semantic search","level":3,"score":0.42930319905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.366411030292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(2000)51:3<216::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519852910","https://openalex.org/W1521439890","https://openalex.org/W1533946607","https://openalex.org/W1605873790","https://openalex.org/W1972845925","https://openalex.org/W1984081611","https://openalex.org/W2001832505","https://openalex.org/W2028406909","https://openalex.org/W2034703570","https://openalex.org/W2048585890","https://openalex.org/W2061118645","https://openalex.org/W2064614244","https://openalex.org/W2066352890","https://openalex.org/W2066423708","https://openalex.org/W2074449313","https://openalex.org/W2078396547","https://openalex.org/W2079533881","https://openalex.org/W2114865146","https://openalex.org/W2139533939","https://openalex.org/W2145036943","https://openalex.org/W2157886637","https://openalex.org/W2167982713","https://openalex.org/W2169071493","https://openalex.org/W4247469645","https://openalex.org/W6630887007","https://openalex.org/W6631328736","https://openalex.org/W6632118081","https://openalex.org/W6636316775","https://openalex.org/W6650768661","https://openalex.org/W6657368521","https://openalex.org/W6658999802","https://openalex.org/W6666891376","https://openalex.org/W6670294577","https://openalex.org/W6677260640","https://openalex.org/W6680611823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2901901036","https://openalex.org/W2124814993","https://openalex.org/W218333555","https://openalex.org/W2185998359","https://openalex.org/W979688644","https://openalex.org/W1760324756","https://openalex.org/W1926636715","https://openalex.org/W2940786036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74],"recent":[1],"explosion":[2],"of":[3,37,51,76,82,87,92,98,104,175,185,196,231,239],"the":[4,7,39,67,72,102,105,114,124,137,146,152,168,183,197,210,223,229],"Internet":[5],"and":[6,55,69,123,171,236],"World":[8],"Wide":[9],"Web":[10,27,211,243],"has":[11],"made":[12],"digital":[13,20],"libraries":[14],"popular.":[15],"Easy":[16,207],"access":[17,208],"to":[18,113,129,141,193,221,234],"a":[19,31,44,63,77,88,95,118,186,217],"library":[21],"is":[22,41,159,212],"provided":[23,42],"by":[24],"commercially":[25],"available":[26],"browsers,":[28],"which":[29],"provide":[30],"user-friendly":[32],"interface.":[33],"To":[34],"retrieve":[35,235],"documents":[36,99,240],"interest,":[38],"user":[40,125,219],"with":[43],"search":[45,83,120,138,153,169,204],"interface":[46,84,220],"that":[47,165],"may":[48,155],"only":[49],"consist":[50,86],"one":[52,56],"input":[53,154],"field":[54],"push":[57],"button.":[58],"Most":[59],"users":[60,195],"type":[61],"in":[62,151],"single":[64],"keyword,":[65],"click":[66],"button,":[68],"hope":[70],"for":[71,135,200],"best.":[73],"result":[75,170],"query":[78,205],"using":[79],"this":[80,179,232],"kind":[81],"can":[85,109,166],"large":[89,173],"unordered":[90],"set":[91],"documents,":[93],"or":[94],"ranked":[96],"list":[97],"based":[100],"on":[101],"frequency":[103],"keywords.":[106],"Both":[107],"lists":[108],"contain":[110],"articles":[111],"unrelated":[112],"user's":[115],"inquiry":[116],"unless":[117],"sophisticated":[119,133],"was":[121],"performed":[122],"knows":[126],"exactly":[127],"what":[128,158],"look":[130],"for.":[131],"More":[132],"algorithms":[134],"ranking":[136],"results":[139],"according":[140],"how":[142],"well":[143,215],"they":[144],"meet":[145],"users'":[147],"needs":[148],"as":[149,214,216],"expressed":[150],"help.":[156],"However,":[157],"desperately":[160],"needed":[161],"are":[162],"software":[163],"tools":[164],"analyze":[167,203,237],"manipulate":[172],"hierarchies":[174],"data":[176],"graphically.":[177],"In":[178],"article":[180],"we":[181],"describe":[182,228],"design":[184],"language-independent":[187],"document":[188],"classification":[189,224],"system":[190,233],"being":[191],"developed":[192],"help":[194],"Florida":[198],"Center":[199],"Library":[201],"Automation":[202],"results.":[206,225],"through":[209],"provided,":[213],"graphical":[218],"display":[222],"We":[226],"also":[227],"use":[230],"sets":[238],"from":[241],"public":[242],"sites.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
