{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4251315010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v","title":"The text encoding initiative: Flexible and extensible document encoding","display_name":"The text encoding initiative: Flexible and extensible document encoding","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4251315010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108462104","display_name":"David T. Barnard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David T. Barnard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing and Information Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing and Information Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061249142","display_name":"Nancy Ide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-3544"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy M. Ide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061249142","https://openalex.org/A5108462104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84971409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"7","first_page":"622","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.8266693353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7578198909759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.7330297231674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.623587965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.5420805215835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5260717272758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4170922636985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3262752294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2814044952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23199430108070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10268041491508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08440142869949341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.8266693353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7578198909759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.7330297231674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.623587965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.5420805215835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5260717272758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4170922636985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3262752294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2814044952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23199430108070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10268041491508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08440142869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199707)48:7<622::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W2201908702","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2353528968","https://openalex.org/W2503106584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,48,64],"Text":[1],"Encoding":[2],"Initiative":[3],"is":[4,41,52,108],"an":[5],"international":[6],"collaboration":[7],"aimed":[8],"at":[9],"producing":[10],"a":[11,35,104],"common":[12],"encoding":[13,107],"scheme":[14],"for":[15,50],"complex":[16],"texts.":[17,119],"diversity":[19],"of":[20,26,99,118],"the":[21,27,31,39,57,97,116],"texts":[22,65],"used":[23],"by":[24,30],"members":[25],"communities":[28],"served":[29],"project":[32],"led":[33],"to":[34,43,59,110,114],"large":[36],"specification,":[37],"but":[38],"specification":[40],"structured":[42],"facilitate":[44,115],"understanding":[45],"and":[46,92,113],"use.":[47],"requirement":[49,58],"generality":[51],"sometimes":[53],"in":[54,75,86],"tension":[55],"with":[56],"handle":[60],"specialized":[61],"text":[62],"types.":[63],"that":[66],"are":[67],"encoded":[68,85],"often":[69],"can":[70,83],"be":[71,84],"viewed":[72],"or":[73],"interpreted":[74],"several":[76],"different":[77],"ways.":[78],"While":[79],"many":[80],"electronic":[81],"documents":[82,91],"very":[87],"simple":[88],"ways,":[89],"some":[90,93],"users":[94],"will":[95],"tax":[96],"limits":[98],"any":[100],"fixed":[101],"scheme,":[102],"so":[103],"flexible":[105],"extensible":[106],"required":[109],"support":[111],"research":[112],"reuse":[117],"\u00a9":[120],"1997":[121],"John":[122],"Wiley":[123],"&":[124],"Sons,":[125],"Inc.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
