{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250589199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0","title":"A statistical learning approach to automatic indexing of controlled index terms","display_name":"A statistical learning approach to automatic indexing of controlled index terms","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4250589199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chi-Hong Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Hong Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112819483","display_name":"Wing\u2010Kay Kan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing-Kay Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80681527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.8942417502403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.755611777305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7380966544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6684097051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.633798360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6097174882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.514602541923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-indexing","display_name":"Automatic indexing","score":0.4914895296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4481401741504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4339786767959595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.8942417502403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.755611777305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7380966544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6684097051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.633798360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6097174882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.514602541923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826577","display_name":"Automatic indexing","level":3,"score":0.4914895296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4481401741504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4339786767959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199701)48:1<55::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W204619012","https://openalex.org/W2398073981","https://openalex.org/W4247874641","https://openalex.org/W2051392313","https://openalex.org/W2081057833","https://openalex.org/W2025451713","https://openalex.org/W2139991891","https://openalex.org/W2062327384","https://openalex.org/W2168066506","https://openalex.org/W2008087111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"statistical":[1,144],"learning":[2,20,28,92,103,113,131,145,149],"approach":[3,146],"to":[4,43,81,128,155],"assigning":[5],"controlled":[6,159],"index":[7,35,62,77,120,160],"terms":[8],"is":[9,79,106],"presented.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12],"approach,":[13],"there":[14],"are":[15,56,152],"two":[16],"processes:":[17],"(1)":[18],"The":[19,27,71],"process":[21,29,73,114],"and":[22,37,41,51,64,94,122,125,147],"(2)":[23],"the":[24,38,47,61,87,91,95,99,112,116,130,135,143,148],"indexing":[25,72,136,157],"process.":[26],"constructs":[30],"a":[31,82,102],"relationship":[32,88,117],"between":[33,118],"an":[34,76,119],"term":[36,78,121],"words":[39,127],"relevant":[40,124],"irrelevant":[42,126],"it,":[44,69],"based":[45,85],"on":[46,86],"positive":[48],"training":[49,53],"set":[50],"negative":[52],"set,":[54],"which":[55],"sample":[57],"documents":[58],"indexed":[59,67],"by":[60,68,90],"term,":[63],"those":[65],"not":[66],"respectively.":[70],"determines":[74],"whether":[75],"assigned":[80],"certain":[83],"document,":[84],"constructed":[89],"process,":[93],"text":[96],"found":[97],"in":[98,111],"document.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"feedback":[104,150],"technique":[105,109,151],"introduced.":[107],"This":[108],"used":[110],"modifies":[115],"its":[123],"improve":[129],"performance":[132],"and,":[133],"thus,":[134],"performance.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139],"have":[140],"shown":[141],"that":[142],"practical":[153],"means":[154],"automatic":[156],"of":[158],"terms.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}