{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241445964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3","title":"Variations in relevance assessments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness","display_name":"Variations in relevance assessments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241445964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056752791","display_name":"Stephen P. Harter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Harter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056752791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99048266,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9361000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8736573457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.7210364937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5479001998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5032591223716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5029513239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45630520582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.44760483503341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35866406559944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3255484104156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.18749520182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09470635652542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08351576328277588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8736573457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7210364937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5479001998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5032591223716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5029513239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45630520582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44760483503341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35866406559944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3255484104156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18749520182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09470635652542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08351576328277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199601)47:1<37::aid-asi4>3.0.co;2-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2012350746","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W2410591377","https://openalex.org/W2323113755","https://openalex.org/W4389264631","https://openalex.org/W4386286863","https://openalex.org/W3217486089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,12,26,33,55,91,108,124,130,138,155,189],"this":[3],"article":[4],"is":[5,136],"to":[6,9,78,97,160,163,168,172,182],"bring":[7],"attention":[8],"the":[10,18,34,53,71,106,113,122,186],"problem":[11],"variations":[13,42,117,145,170],"in":[14,43,46,146],"relevance":[15,44,80,147],"assessments":[16,45,81,148],"and":[17,133,141,150,171,175],"effects":[19,51],"that":[20,38,66,74,115,165],"these":[21,169],"may":[22],"have":[23,75],"on":[24,52,112],"measures":[25,154],"retrieval":[27,56,110,126,156],"effectiveness.":[28],"Through":[29],"an":[30],"analytical":[31],"review":[32],"literature,":[35],"I":[36,62],"show":[37],"despite":[39],"known":[40],"wide":[41],"experimental":[47,83],"test":[48],"collections,":[49],"their":[50],"measurement":[54,123],"performance":[57],"are":[58,166],"almost":[59],"completely":[60],"unstudied.":[61],"will":[63],"further":[64],"argue":[65],"what":[67,143],"we":[68],"know":[69],"about":[70],"many":[72],"variables":[73],"been":[76],"found":[77],"affect":[79,121,153],"under":[82,142],"conditions,":[84,144],"as":[85,87],"well":[86],"our":[88],"new":[89],"understanding":[90],"psychological,":[92],"situational,":[93],"user-based":[94],"relevance,":[95],"point":[96],"a":[98],"single":[99],"conclusion.":[100],"We":[101,158],"can":[102],"no":[103],"longer":[104],"rest":[105],"evaluation":[107,164,183],"information":[109,125],"systems":[111],"assumption":[114],"such":[116],"do":[118,151],"not":[119],"significantly":[120],"performance.":[127,157],"A":[128],"series":[129],"thorough,":[131],"rigorous,":[132],"extensive":[134],"tests":[135],"needed,":[137],"precisely":[139],"how,":[140],"do,":[149],"not,":[152],"need":[159],"develop":[161],"approaches":[162,181],"sensitive":[167],"human":[173],"factors":[174],"individual":[176],"differences":[177],"more":[178],"generally.":[179],"Our":[180],"must":[184],"reflect":[185],"real":[187,190],"world":[188],"users.":[191],"\u00a9":[192],"1996":[193],"John":[194],"Wiley":[195],"&":[196],"Sons,":[197],"Inc.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
