{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982840963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","title":"Expertise, task complexity, and artificial intelligence: A conceptual framework","display_name":"Expertise, task complexity, and artificial intelligence: A conceptual framework","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982840963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","mag":"1982840963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047569435","display_name":"Michael K. Buckland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael K. Buckland","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Library and Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","School of Library & Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library and Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library & Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050643254","display_name":"Doris Florian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13402291","display_name":"Joanneum Research","ror":"https://ror.org/049bdss47","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Florian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungsgesellschaft Joanneum GesmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungsgesellschaft Joanneum GesmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047569435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78272101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"9","first_page":"635","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7165910005569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6892271637916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-and-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Marketing and artificial intelligence","score":0.5376912355422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5295665860176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.48806488513946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.46626028418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4657258689403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4421236515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"Conceptual model","score":0.4349541664123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-decision-support-system","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","score":0.4338092803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4068385064601898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34019017219543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11496073007583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11495956778526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10632157325744629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7165910005569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6892271637916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44464901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770893","display_name":"Marketing and artificial intelligence","level":3,"score":0.5376912355422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5295665860176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.48806488513946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.46626028418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4657258689403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4421236515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.4349541664123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.4338092803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4068385064601898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34019017219543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11496073007583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11495956778526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10632157325744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199110)42:9<635::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-l","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121044049","https://openalex.org/W3213607208","https://openalex.org/W2948768737","https://openalex.org/W2548786942","https://openalex.org/W2315110999","https://openalex.org/W3188047445","https://openalex.org/W4212920570","https://openalex.org/W4360615222","https://openalex.org/W2323350421","https://openalex.org/W2056769467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relationships":[0],"between":[1,90],"users'":[2,50],"expertise,":[3,38],"task":[4,39,54],"complexity":[5,55],"of":[6,61,64,96,117],"information":[7,13,35,42],"system":[8,43,99],"use,":[9],"artificial":[10,28,65],"intelligence,":[11],"and":[12,41,69,76,93,112],"service":[14,44],"mission":[15,45],"provide":[16],"the":[17,25,62,85],"basis":[18],"for":[19,23],"a":[20,98],"conceptual":[21,77],"framework":[22],"considering":[24],"role":[26],"that":[27],"intelligence":[29,80],"might,":[30],"in":[31,34],"principle,":[32],"play":[33],"systems.":[36],"Users'":[37],"complexity,":[40],"are":[46,56,106],"multidimensional":[47],"constructs.":[48],"Increasing":[49],"expertise":[51],"and/or":[52],"reducing":[53],"alternatives":[57],"to":[58,87,108],"or":[59,102],"complements":[60],"use":[63],"intelligence.":[66],"Intelligent":[67],"systems":[68,105],"intelligent":[70,111],"users":[71],"each":[72],"need":[73],"both":[74],"cognitive":[75],"models.":[78],"System":[79],"can":[81],"be":[82,109],"assessed":[83],"by":[84],"ability":[86],"discriminate":[88],"reliably":[89],"different":[91],"situations":[92],"is":[94,100],"independent":[95],"whether":[97],"\u201ccomputer-delegated\u201d":[101],"\u201ccomputer-assisted.\u201d":[103],"\u201cComputer-assisted\u201d":[104],"likely":[107],"more":[110,113],"effective.":[114],"Four":[115],"examples":[116],"application":[118],"illustrate":[119],"these":[120],"conclusions.":[121],"\u00a9":[122],"1991":[123],"John":[124],"Wiley":[125],"&":[126],"Sons,":[127],"Inc.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}