{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171306357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","title":"On the foundation of evaluation","display_name":"On the foundation of evaluation","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171306357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","mag":"2171306357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051246478","display_name":"W. M. Shaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1289-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. M. Shaw, Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051246478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89027431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"5","first_page":"346","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterintuitive","display_name":"Counterintuitive","score":0.9177789092063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.8546456098556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6858941912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.6612432599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.5493351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.507675290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48375391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34437841176986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3333720266819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.21224048733711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1447104811668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.10990723967552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09787771105766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.06878003478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06703189015388489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176983","display_name":"Counterintuitive","level":2,"score":0.9177789092063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.8546456098556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6858941912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.6612432599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5493351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.507675290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48375391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34437841176986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3333720266819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.21224048733711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1447104811668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.10990723967552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09787771105766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06878003478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06703189015388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198609)37:5<346::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19867504","https://openalex.org/W1277488128","https://openalex.org/W1544272214","https://openalex.org/W1979643598","https://openalex.org/W2007154686","https://openalex.org/W2008525336","https://openalex.org/W2041565863","https://openalex.org/W2045584315","https://openalex.org/W2058413358","https://openalex.org/W2065938637","https://openalex.org/W2076894357","https://openalex.org/W2086320398","https://openalex.org/W2244375307","https://openalex.org/W4253482865","https://openalex.org/W6669431284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809491669","https://openalex.org/W3005839474","https://openalex.org/W4379988549","https://openalex.org/W2139510495","https://openalex.org/W2016376779","https://openalex.org/W2807993762","https://openalex.org/W1992379025","https://openalex.org/W2768389068","https://openalex.org/W2403993643","https://openalex.org/W2118007841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article":[2],"the":[3,17,23,35,40,55,58,68,71,74,87],"derivation":[4],"of":[5,25,34,57,70],"a":[6,43],"general":[7],"retrieval":[8],"effectiveness":[9,75,83],"measure":[10,18,76,84],"is":[11,14,65,89],"investigated.":[12,52],"It":[13],"shown":[15,66],"that":[16,67],"cannot":[19],"be":[20],"justified":[21],"on":[22,73],"basis":[24],"formal":[26],"considerations":[27],"associated":[28,59],"with":[29],"measurement":[30],"theory.":[31],"The":[32],"implications":[33],"mathematical":[36],"condition":[37],"which":[38],"defines":[39],"relative":[41],"importance":[42],"user":[44],"assigns":[45],"to":[46],"precision":[47],"and":[48,63],"recall":[49],"are":[50,61],"also":[51],"Inconsistencies":[53],"in":[54],"definition":[56],"weight":[60,72],"resolved,":[62],"it":[64],"influence":[69],"can":[77],"produce":[78],"counterintuitive":[79],"results.":[80],"An":[81],"alternative":[82],"provided":[85],"by":[86],"MZ-metric":[88],"recommended.":[90],"\u00a9":[91],"1986":[92],"John":[93],"Wiley":[94],"&":[95],"Sons,":[96],"Inc.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}