{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041917826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","title":"Information and misinformation: An investigation of the notions of information, misinformation, informing, and misinforming","display_name":"Information and misinformation: An investigation of the notions of information, misinformation, informing, and misinforming","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041917826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","mag":"2041917826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010569122","display_name":"William B. Frakes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William B. Frakes","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J. 07733"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J. 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010569122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20659686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.7817999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.7817999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.9410786628723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6026447415351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38562655448913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.3121678829193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07476910948753357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9410786628723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6026447415351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38562655448913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3121678829193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07476910948753357}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198601)37:1<48::aid-asi10>3.0.co;2-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4283459170","https://openalex.org/W4390691583","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4229014887","https://openalex.org/W4229067106"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}