{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4234826491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n","title":"Transition from national standards to Unicode: multilingual support in operating systems and programming languages","display_name":"Transition from national standards to Unicode: multilingual support in operating systems and programming languages","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4234826491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110857737","display_name":"Pei\u2010Chi Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32078218","display_name":"National Penghu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fxxpd92","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32078218"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Chi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Penghu Institute of Marine and Management Technology, 300 Liu-Ho Road, Makung, Penghu 880, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Penghu Institute of Marine and Management Technology, 300 Liu-Ho Road, Makung, Penghu 880, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32078218"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110857737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32078218"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87558918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"7","first_page":"765","last_page":"774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicode","display_name":"Unicode","score":0.9562617540359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-encoding","display_name":"Character encoding","score":0.7659603953361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7540532350540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascii","display_name":"ASCII","score":0.6695724725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5694180130958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5197712779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.5137265920639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.48880907893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.48858746886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46607017517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3849085569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1219450831413269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8819","display_name":"Unicode","level":2,"score":0.9562617540359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32717103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184759","display_name":"Character encoding","level":3,"score":0.7659603953361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7540532350540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196832560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8815","display_name":"ASCII","level":2,"score":0.6695724725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5694180130958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5197712779045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5137265920639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.48880907893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.48858746886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46607017517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3849085569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1219450831413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200006)30:7<765::aid-spe317>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513525621","https://openalex.org/W1579278367","https://openalex.org/W2007774531","https://openalex.org/W2160673483","https://openalex.org/W3174107850","https://openalex.org/W6634617294","https://openalex.org/W6634992197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2415401904","https://openalex.org/W3214708461","https://openalex.org/W172151579","https://openalex.org/W3125384896","https://openalex.org/W2227498953","https://openalex.org/W2950192240","https://openalex.org/W3125143615","https://openalex.org/W1524330646","https://openalex.org/W4246776228","https://openalex.org/W2334800938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Character":[0,39],"sets":[1,16],"are":[2],"one":[3,74],"of":[4,30,75,110,179,191,211],"the":[5,28,37,50,76,98,103,114,126,135,173,189,198,207],"basic":[6],"issues":[7],"for":[8,187],"information":[9,32],"interchange.":[10],"Most":[11],"current":[12],"national":[13,77,84,137,175],"standard":[14],"character":[15,44,65,116,164],"extend":[17],"7-bit":[18],"ASCII.":[19],"These":[20,215],"extensions":[21],"conflict":[22],"with":[23],"each":[24,157],"other":[25],"and":[26,56,70,202],"make":[27],"design":[29],"multilingual":[31,219],"systems":[33],"complicated.":[34],"Unicode":[35,87],"or":[36,146,166,182],"Universal":[38],"Set":[40],"(UCS)":[41],"is":[42,67,121,128,133,149,169,206],"a":[43,90,118,122,160],"set":[45,66,165],"that":[46,210],"covers":[47],"symbols":[48],"in":[49,68,117,129,134,150,170],"major":[51],"written":[52],"languages.":[53],"Text":[54],"files":[55],"strings":[57],"usually":[58],"have":[59],"no":[60],"header":[61],"to":[62,86,101],"indicate":[63],"which":[64,143,163],"use,":[69,171],"they":[71],"currently":[72],"use":[73,197],"standards":[78,85],"by":[79],"default.":[80],"The":[81,139],"transition":[82],"from":[83],"may":[88],"take":[89],"longer":[91],"time":[92],"than":[93],"expected.":[94],"This":[95],"paper":[96],"presents":[97],"following":[99],"methods":[100,216],"help":[102],"transition.":[104],"(1)":[105],"A":[106,153,185],"text":[107,119],"file":[108,120,127],"format":[109,168,190,205],"fixed-width":[111],"characters:":[112],"if":[113],"first":[115],"nonzero":[123],"control":[124,140],"code,":[125],"UCS;":[130],"otherwise,":[131],"it":[132],"default":[136,174],"standard.":[138],"code":[141],"indicates":[142],"UCS":[144],"subset":[145,178],"byte":[147],"order":[148],"use.":[151],"(2)":[152],"tagged":[154],"string":[155,158,192,195],"storage:":[156],"has":[159],"tag":[161],"representing":[162],"coding":[167],"e.g.,":[172],"standard,":[176],"8-bit":[177],"UCS-2,":[180,181],"UCS-4.":[183],"(3)":[184],"method":[186],"assigning":[188],"literals:":[193],"all":[194],"literals":[196],"same":[199,208],"syntax":[200],"notation,":[201],"their":[203,212],"storage":[204],"as":[209],"source":[213],"files.":[214],"can":[217],"improve":[218],"support":[220],"without":[221],"introducing":[222],"much":[223],"complexity.":[224],"Copyright":[225],"\u00a9":[226],"2000":[227],"John":[228],"Wiley":[229],"&":[230],"Sons,":[231],"Ltd.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}