{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012739991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","title":"A Comparison of Approximate String Matching Algorithms","display_name":"A Comparison of Approximate String Matching Algorithms","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012739991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","mag":"2012739991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073682997","display_name":"Petteri Jokinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PETTERI JOKINEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland","Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033294598","display_name":"Jorma Tarhio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-1985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JORMA TARHIO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058284151","display_name":"Esko Ukkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ESKO UKKONEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FIN\u201000014 University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073682997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94808226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"1439","last_page":"1458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.8897998929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-string-matching","display_name":"Approximate string matching","score":0.815370500087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commentz-walter-algorithm","display_name":"Commentz-Walter algorithm","score":0.6504093408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-metric","display_name":"String metric","score":0.6502957344055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.647915244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5412958860397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boyer\u2013moore-string-search-algorithm","display_name":"Boyer\u2013Moore string search algorithm","score":0.48718827962875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.47723865509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.47269678115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.47034624218940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.45400193333625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suffix","display_name":"Suffix","score":0.4409671425819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43798312544822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3854347765445709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38455480337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2530699074268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11038678884506226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.8897998929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32610155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798621","display_name":"Approximate string matching","level":3,"score":0.815370500087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13052355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152399","display_name":"Commentz-Walter algorithm","level":4,"score":0.6504093408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22820288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9050568","display_name":"String metric","level":4,"score":0.6502957344055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.647915244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5412958860397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80701825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895984","display_name":"Boyer\u2013Moore string search algorithm","level":5,"score":0.48718827962875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.47723865509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47269678115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.47034624218940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.45400193333625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779804580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102047","display_name":"Suffix","level":2,"score":0.4409671425819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43798312544822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3854347765445709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38455480337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2530699074268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11038678884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199612)26:12<1439::aid-spe71>3.0.co;2-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.188.8131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.188.8131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.hut.fi/%7Etarhio/papers/jtu.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482580102","https://openalex.org/W1501129459","https://openalex.org/W1520663999","https://openalex.org/W1546029355","https://openalex.org/W1653707015","https://openalex.org/W1887000090","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W1970707909","https://openalex.org/W1972770363","https://openalex.org/W1981320868","https://openalex.org/W1981409766","https://openalex.org/W1986106281","https://openalex.org/W1990413869","https://openalex.org/W1995303482","https://openalex.org/W2004120611","https://openalex.org/W2011632873","https://openalex.org/W2016219933","https://openalex.org/W2043481183","https://openalex.org/W2045821558","https://openalex.org/W2052890777","https://openalex.org/W2052899946","https://openalex.org/W2055417893","https://openalex.org/W2057097754","https://openalex.org/W2074707165","https://openalex.org/W2134826720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054173104","https://openalex.org/W2051764263","https://openalex.org/W2069035364","https://openalex.org/W2519145296","https://openalex.org/W2111239386","https://openalex.org/W2187092961","https://openalex.org/W2590193441","https://openalex.org/W2358632292","https://openalex.org/W2141423589","https://openalex.org/W3145288231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experimental":[0],"comparisons":[1],"of":[2,6,37,70,77,86],"the":[3,12,29,38,41,68,78,81,87,91,95],"running":[4],"time":[5],"approximate":[7,35],"string":[8,63],"matching":[9],"algorithms":[10,54,79],"for":[11,83],"k":[13,46],"differences":[14,47,93],"problem":[15,88],"are":[16],"presented.":[17],"Given":[18],"a":[19,22],"pattern":[20,39],"string,":[21,24],"text":[23,42],"and":[25,67,90],"an":[26],"integer":[27],"k,":[28],"task":[30],"is":[31,80],"to":[32],"find":[33],"all":[34,84],"occurrences":[36],"in":[40],"with":[43],"at":[44],"most":[45],"(insertions,":[48],"deletions,":[49],"changes).":[50],"We":[51],"consider":[52],"seven":[53],"based":[55],"on":[56],"different":[57],"approaches":[58],"including":[59],"dynamic":[60],"programming,":[61],"Boyer\u2013Moore":[62],"matching,":[64],"suffix":[65],"automata,":[66],"distribution":[69],"characters.":[71],"It":[72],"turns":[73],"out":[74],"that":[75],"none":[76],"best":[82],"values":[85],"parameters,":[89],"speed":[92],"between":[94],"methods":[96],"can":[97],"be":[98],"considerable.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
