{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997958512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","title":"Timetabling through Constrained Heuristic Search and Genetic Algorithms","display_name":"Timetabling through Constrained Heuristic Search and Genetic Algorithms","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997958512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","mag":"1997958512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078254963","display_name":"Angelo Monfroglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1458-2951"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ANGELO MONFROGLIO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Via Beldi 19, 28068 Romentino, Italy (email: mc0797@mclink.it)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Via Beldi 19, 28068 Romentino, Italy (email: mc0797@mclink.it)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078254963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78222808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"251","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9532999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backtracking","display_name":"Backtracking","score":0.7227187156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6165679097175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.594668984413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5707708597183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5679454803466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5126046538352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4278810918331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.427692711353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.272097647190094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156884757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798554","display_name":"Backtracking","level":2,"score":0.7227187156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6165679097175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.594668984413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5707708597183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5679454803466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5126046538352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4278810918331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.427692711353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.272097647190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199603)26:3<251::aid-spe9>3.0.co;2-e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2760348722","https://openalex.org/W2783885583","https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W2007032764","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W4352977312","https://openalex.org/W4312926500","https://openalex.org/W2041180560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"genetic":[1,11,70,121,161],"algorithms":[2],"are":[3,123,193],"presented":[4],"that":[5,110],"use":[6],"constrained":[7,156],"heuristic":[8,157],"search":[9,158],"and":[10,42,52,119,137,183],"techniques":[12],"for":[13,24,100],"the":[14,38,43,48,53,113,120,127,132,135,138,142,153,180,184,187],"timetabling":[15,59],"problem":[16,23,60,136],"(TP).":[17],"The":[18,35,57,69,116,145,177],"TP":[19],"is":[20,32,61,73,108],"an":[21,85,149],"NP-hard":[22],"which":[25],"a":[26,66,90,95,104],"general":[27],"polynomial":[28],"time":[29],"deterministic":[30],"algorithm":[31,71,162,182],"not":[33,94],"known.":[34],"paper":[36,147],"describes":[37],"classification":[39],"of":[40,50,55,80,106,134,155,179,186],"constraints":[41],"constraint":[44],"ordering":[45],"to":[46,77,88,170],"obtain":[47],"minimization":[49],"backtracking":[51],"maximization":[54],"parallelism.":[56],"school":[58],"discussed":[62],"in":[63,190],"detail":[64],"as":[65,131],"case":[67],"study.":[68],"approach":[72,150],"particularly":[74],"well":[75,96,124],"suited":[76],"this":[78],"kind":[79],"problem,":[81],"since":[82],"there":[83],"exists":[84],"easy":[86],"way":[87],"assess":[89],"good":[91],"timetable,":[92],"but":[93],"structured":[97],"automatic":[98],"technique":[99],"constructing":[101],"it.":[102],"So,":[103],"population":[105],"timetables":[107],"created":[109],"evolves":[111],"toward":[112],"best":[114],"solution.":[115],"evaluation":[117],"function":[118],"operators":[122],"separated":[125],"from":[126,141],"domain-specific":[128],"parts,":[129],"such":[130],"knowledge":[133],"heuristics,":[139],"i.e.":[140],"timetable":[143],"builder.":[144],"present":[146],"illustrates":[148],"based":[151],"on":[152],"hybridization":[154],"with":[159,167],"novel":[160],"techniques.":[163],"It":[164],"compares":[165],"favourably":[166],"known":[168],"programs":[169],"solve":[171],"decision":[172],"problems":[173],"under":[174],"logic":[175],"constraints.":[176],"cost":[178],"new":[181],"quality":[185],"solutions":[188],"obtained":[189],"significant":[191],"experiments":[192],"reported.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}