{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082552198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","title":"Generalizations of tournaments: A survey","display_name":"Generalizations of tournaments: A survey","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082552198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","mag":"2082552198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193368155","display_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","issn_l":"0364-9024","issn":["0364-9024","1097-0118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J\ufffdrgen Bang-Jensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\ufffdrgen Bang-Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044021493","display_name":"Gregory Gutin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Gutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Maths and Stats, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Maths and Stats, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96326209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"171","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.8173490762710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.686667799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.6615042686462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5224891304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian-path","display_name":"Hamiltonian path","score":0.5131574273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-graph","display_name":"Directed graph","score":0.4456061124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42877522110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4004363417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3705732226371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20841467380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07025355100631714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.8173490762710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.686667799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.6615042686462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5224891304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86524685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273037","display_name":"Hamiltonian path","level":3,"score":0.5131574273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146380142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137726","display_name":"Directed graph","level":2,"score":0.4456061124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42877522110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4004363417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3705732226371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20841467380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07025355100631714}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199808)28:4<171::aid-jgt1>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193368155","display_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","issn_l":"0364-9024","issn":["0364-9024","1097-0118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/a3340d55-a8ac-4a58-8b8a-3e28b78d10c8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/a3340d55-a8ac-4a58-8b8a-3e28b78d10c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bang-Jensen, J & Gutin, G 1998, 'Generalizations of tournaments: A survey', Journal of Graph Theory, vol. 28, pp. 171-202.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.104.3568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.104.3568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/~gutin/paperstsp/gener7.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/1/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/2/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/3/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/4/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/5/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/6/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/7/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.royalholloway.ac.uk:a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/a7968415-bac2-8cd7-ace3-92ca8dbacc18/8/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401062","display_name":"Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","host_organization_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory, 28 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2082552198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/services/downloadRegister/878771/gutin-generalisations.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193368155","display_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","issn_l":"0364-9024","issn":["0364-9024","1097-0118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Graph Theory","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4553167","https://openalex.org/W40141507","https://openalex.org/W126009247","https://openalex.org/W143702185","https://openalex.org/W143728946","https://openalex.org/W180053376","https://openalex.org/W200239198","https://openalex.org/W856573918","https://openalex.org/W1482845635","https://openalex.org/W1496538182","https://openalex.org/W1541277988","https://openalex.org/W1572529423","https://openalex.org/W1603708242","https://openalex.org/W1967478916","https://openalex.org/W1969279846","https://openalex.org/W1971345884","https://openalex.org/W1972488642","https://openalex.org/W1974683676","https://openalex.org/W1975943028","https://openalex.org/W1977215568","https://openalex.org/W1987668728","https://openalex.org/W1988677472","https://openalex.org/W1991927950","https://openalex.org/W1992312948","https://openalex.org/W1997100734","https://openalex.org/W1998739158","https://openalex.org/W2000763343","https://openalex.org/W2000803673","https://openalex.org/W2009428600","https://openalex.org/W2016482820","https://openalex.org/W2016868849","https://openalex.org/W2018648305","https://openalex.org/W2020339063","https://openalex.org/W2023138157","https://openalex.org/W2025604967","https://openalex.org/W2028252114","https://openalex.org/W2036118949","https://openalex.org/W2037424045","https://openalex.org/W2038926198","https://openalex.org/W2040428993","https://openalex.org/W2042504828","https://openalex.org/W2046516849","https://openalex.org/W2050734073","https://openalex.org/W2053913299","https://openalex.org/W2055253205","https://openalex.org/W2056213724","https://openalex.org/W2056724312","https://openalex.org/W2057221145","https://openalex.org/W2061253022","https://openalex.org/W2063005184","https://openalex.org/W2069552017","https://openalex.org/W2080732695","https://openalex.org/W2083532740","https://openalex.org/W2084631735","https://openalex.org/W2084833744","https://openalex.org/W2087220901","https://openalex.org/W2094567843","https://openalex.org/W2120092792","https://openalex.org/W2143262036","https://openalex.org/W2143474538","https://openalex.org/W2158682982","https://openalex.org/W2561341699","https://openalex.org/W2612978016","https://openalex.org/W2986504093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548164611","https://openalex.org/W1988677472","https://openalex.org/W1972280932","https://openalex.org/W1991927950","https://openalex.org/W2158682982","https://openalex.org/W1977215568","https://openalex.org/W2143262036","https://openalex.org/W200239198","https://openalex.org/W1484040084","https://openalex.org/W2063005184","https://openalex.org/W2005173957","https://openalex.org/W2045473475","https://openalex.org/W2040428993","https://openalex.org/W1975236695","https://openalex.org/W356477583","https://openalex.org/W2038926198","https://openalex.org/W2023138157","https://openalex.org/W2011214451","https://openalex.org/W1987668728","https://openalex.org/W1968910860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,29],"survey":[1],"results":[2,41],"concerning":[3],"various":[4],"generalizations":[5],"of":[6,21,60],"tournaments.":[7],"The":[8,47],"reader":[9,48],"will":[10,49],"see":[11,50],"that":[12,51],"tournaments":[13],"are":[14,55],"by":[15],"no":[16],"means":[17],"the":[18,61],"only":[19],"class":[20],"directed":[22],"graphs":[23],"with":[24],"a":[25],"very":[26],"rich":[27],"structure.":[28],"describe,":[30],"among":[31],"numerous":[32],"other":[33],"topics":[34],"mostly":[35],"related":[36],"to":[37],"paths":[38,44],"and":[39,45],"cycles,":[40],"on":[42],"hamiltonian":[43],"cycles.":[46],"although":[52],"these":[53,71],"problems":[54],"polynomially":[56],"solvable":[57],"for":[58,70],"all":[59],"classes":[62],"described,":[63],"they":[64],"can":[65],"be":[66],"highly":[67],"nontrivial,":[68],"even":[69],"\u201ctournament-like\u201d":[72],"digraphs.":[73],"\u00a9":[74],"1998":[75,86],"John":[76],"Wiley":[77],"&":[78],"Sons,":[79],"Inc.":[80],"J.":[81],"Graph":[82],"Theory":[83],"28:":[84],"171\u2013202,":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}