{"id":"https://openalex.org/W99958357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","title":"The Matrifocal Family in Iberia: Spain and Portugal Compared","display_name":"The Matrifocal Family in Iberia: Spain and Portugal Compared","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W99958357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","mag":"99958357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3773933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202622065","display_name":"Ethnology","issn_l":"0014-1828","issn":["0014-1828","2160-3510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316479","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054200887","display_name":"Jan Br\u00f8gger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Brogger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086836577","display_name":"David D. Gilmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David D. Gilmore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80614657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.3833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.3833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.09709999710321426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrifocality","display_name":"matrifocality","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrifocal-family","display_name":"matrifocal family","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-structure","display_name":"family structure","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-dominance","display_name":"female dominance","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honor-and-shame","display_name":"honor and shame","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machismo","display_name":"machismo","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-child-relationship","display_name":"mother-child relationship","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-networks","display_name":"family networks","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iberia","display_name":"Iberia","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-portugal","display_name":"Northern Portugal","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galicia","display_name":"Galicia","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andalusia","display_name":"Andalusia","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-family-studies","display_name":"comparative family studies","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matriarchy","display_name":"matriarchy","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5066400170326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.48948991298675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4180225431919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.38457781076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3819667398929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25427401065826416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3773933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202622065","display_name":"Ethnology","issn_l":"0014-1828","issn":["0014-1828","2160-3510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316479","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3773933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202622065","display_name":"Ethnology","issn_l":"0014-1828","issn":["0014-1828","2160-3510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316479","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207560581","https://openalex.org/W583070407","https://openalex.org/W1512169555","https://openalex.org/W1528975883","https://openalex.org/W1530604260","https://openalex.org/W1541215938","https://openalex.org/W1586864226","https://openalex.org/W1595334678","https://openalex.org/W1975025664","https://openalex.org/W1990608510","https://openalex.org/W1992522029","https://openalex.org/W2024025278","https://openalex.org/W2032144823","https://openalex.org/W2034321022","https://openalex.org/W2070018782","https://openalex.org/W2093673537","https://openalex.org/W2099054120","https://openalex.org/W2117280487","https://openalex.org/W2304227092","https://openalex.org/W2313679551","https://openalex.org/W2315639027","https://openalex.org/W2318771870","https://openalex.org/W2322774786","https://openalex.org/W2323803757","https://openalex.org/W2331862129","https://openalex.org/W2334545830","https://openalex.org/W2476761939","https://openalex.org/W2797121720","https://openalex.org/W3215357050","https://openalex.org/W4246368003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251054932","https://openalex.org/W6891714078","https://openalex.org/W4252487547","https://openalex.org/W2563629280","https://openalex.org/W1977847032","https://openalex.org/W2065605115","https://openalex.org/W7214858035","https://openalex.org/W1985731888","https://openalex.org/W1621164403","https://openalex.org/W2611936668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"matriocality":[1],"has":[2,15,142,188,430,557],"faded":[3],"somewhat":[4],"as":[5,468,481,574],"a":[6,34,49,104,144,154,180,202,291,347,379,411,419,431,542],"topic":[7],"in":[8,12,17,22,44,55,63,78,86,106,111,113,147,235,334,364,395,415,446,469,491,507,575,585,596],"cultural":[9],"anthropology,":[10],"interest":[11],"the":[13,23,59,64,67,80,139,159,186,215,232,236,241,244,260,283,288,295,323,329,337,341,382,397,428,486,534,582,593],"concept":[14],"revived":[16],"Mediterranean":[18,60],"studies.":[19],"Recent":[20],"work":[21],"northwest":[24],"corner":[25],"of":[26,58,66,157,164,211,290,331,381,413,466],"Iberia":[27],"(north/central":[28],"Portugal":[29,108,471],"and":[30,94,127,172,220,269,285,310,403,405,436,565],"Spanish":[31],"Galicia)":[32],"reveals":[33],"highly":[35],"matrifocal":[141],"family":[37,224,508,537],"structure.":[38],"This":[39,101],"anomalous":[40],"pattern":[41],"seems":[42],"linked":[43],"some":[45,374],"yet-undefined":[46],"way":[47],"with":[48,75,91,109,448,572],"prevailing":[50],"emphasis":[234],"on":[52,294,378],"female":[53,76,280],"dominance":[54,93],"this":[56,120,227,277,365,515],"part":[57],"world.":[61],"Yet":[62],"rest":[65],"Iberian":[68,121],"peninsula":[69],"families":[71,394],"do":[72],"not":[73,257,368,502,517,553,569],"correlate":[74],"power;":[77],"fact,":[79],"opposite":[81],"is":[82,213,217,229,238,399,463,488,495,520,527],"true.":[83],"For":[84,529],"example,":[85,530],"southern":[87],"Spain,":[88],"matrifocality":[89,443],"coexists":[90],"male":[92,450,483,499],"machismo":[95],"within":[96,336],"an":[97,114],"honor-and-shame":[98],"value":[99],"system.":[100],"paper":[102],"compares":[103],"village":[105],"central":[222],"one":[110,590],"Andalusia":[112],"attempt":[115],"to":[116,134,153,200,223,249,327,369,390,393,410,423,558],"gain":[117],"insight":[118],"into":[119],"conundrum.(Matrifocality,":[122],"gender,":[123],"family,":[124],"Iberia,":[125],"honor":[126],"shame)":[128],"First":[129],"coined":[130],"by":[131,478,498],"Smith":[132],"(1956)":[133],"describe":[135],"black":[136,174,296],"Caribbean":[137],"families,":[138,427,493,589],"term":[140,325,594],"had":[143],"checkered":[145],"career":[146],"anthropology.":[148,597],"Ethnographers":[149],"have":[150,418],"applied":[151],"it":[152,567],"bewildering":[155],"variety":[156],"peoples;":[158],"Javanese":[160],"(Geertz":[161],"1961),the":[162],"Igbo":[163],"Nigeria":[165],"(Uchendu":[166],"1965),":[167],"Portuguese":[168],"fisherfolk":[169],"(Br[phi]gger":[170],"1992),":[171],"urban":[173,297],"Americans":[175],"(Stack":[176],"1974),to":[177],"name":[178],"just":[179],"few.":[181],"Like":[182],"other":[183],"promiscuous":[184],"neologisms,":[185],"word":[187,261],"undergone":[189],"numerous":[190],"semantic":[191,366],"vagaries":[192],"since":[193],"its":[194],"inception.":[195],"Nancy":[196],"Tanner":[197],"(1974)":[198],"tried":[199],"provide":[201],"workable":[203],"definition,":[204],"employing":[205],"three":[206],"heuristic":[207],"criteria.":[208,266],"The":[209],"first":[210],"these":[212,265,492],"that":[214,544],"mother":[216,398,487,586],"structurally,":[218],"culturally,":[219],"affectively":[221],"life.":[225],"Second,":[226],"mother-centrality":[228],"legitimate.":[230],"Finally,":[231],"priority":[233],"society":[237],"put":[239],"upon":[240],"mother-child":[242,342],"relationship,":[243],"conjugal":[245],"nexus":[246],"being":[247,333,434],"relegated":[248],"secondary":[250],"importance":[251],"(see":[252],"also":[253,459,496,556],"Gonzalez":[254],"1970).":[255],"Naturally,":[256],"everyone":[258],"favors":[259],"or":[263,349,439,454,550],"accepts":[264],"Yanagisako":[267],"(1977)":[268],"Cole":[270],"(1991:62)":[271],"prefer":[272],"women-centered":[273],"kinship":[274],"networks":[275],"because":[276],"phrase":[278],"includes":[279],"relations":[281],"outside":[282],"kindred":[284],"thus":[286,345],"transcends":[287],"stereotype":[289],"matriarchy":[292],"based":[293,377],"American":[298],"model.":[299],"Writing":[300],"about":[301,353],"northern":[302,470],"Portugal,":[303,319],"Brettell":[304],"(1986:9)":[305],"substitutes":[306],"matri":[307,311],"-":[308,312,352,497,504,510,540,587],"centric":[309],"centrality":[313],"for":[314,318],"similar":[315],"reasons.":[316],"Also":[317],"Willems":[320],"(1962:70-71)":[321],"introduces":[322],"odd":[324],"matripotestal":[326],"convey":[328],"sense":[330],"women":[332,417],"authority":[335,414],"family.":[338],"Playing":[339],"down":[340],"dyad,":[343],"he":[344,526],"adds":[346],"political":[348],"power":[350],"connotation":[351],"which":[354,396,416],"more":[355,489,505],"later.":[356],"One":[357],"may":[358,387],"already":[359],"see":[360],"inherent":[361],"methodological":[362],"problems":[363],"diversity,":[367],"mention":[370],"capricious":[371],"hyphenating.":[372],"Still,":[373],"agreement":[375],"emerges":[376],"reading":[380],"literature.":[383],"To":[384],"summarize,":[385],"be":[388,559,570],"taken":[389],"refer,":[391],"first,":[392],"both":[401],"structurally":[402],"affectively,":[404],"second":[406],"(if":[407],"only":[408],"inferentially),":[409],"distribution":[412],"strong":[420],"position":[421],"relative":[422],"men.":[424],"In":[425],"such":[426],"husband/father":[429],"reduced":[432],"role,":[433],"physically":[435],"emotionally":[437],"distant":[438],"entirely":[440],"absent.":[441],"Thus":[442],"often":[444],"appears":[445],"association":[447],"heavy":[449],"emigration,":[451],"seasonal":[452],"unemployment,":[453],"(male)":[455],"economic":[456],"insecurity.":[457],"It":[458],"occurs":[460],"where":[461],"there":[462],"high":[464],"incidence":[465],"illegitimacy,":[467],"(O'Neill":[472],"1987:235).":[473],"These":[474],"features":[475],"are":[476,548],"summarized":[477],"Cook":[479],"(1992:156)":[480],"low":[482],"salience.":[484],"Because":[485],"available":[490],"she":[494,519],"default":[500],"if":[501],"complicity":[503],"active":[506],"decision":[509],"making":[511],"(Tanner":[512],"1974:155).":[513],"However,":[514],"does":[516],"mean":[518],"dominant":[521],"over":[522],"her":[523],"husband":[524],"when":[525],"around.":[528],"Belmonte":[531],"(1989:87)":[532],"calls":[533],"Neapolitan":[535],"slum":[536],"mother-centered,":[538],"father":[539],"ruled,":[541],"description":[543],"works":[545],"wherever":[546],"fathers":[547],"peripatetic":[549],"evanescent":[551],"but":[552],"acquiescent.":[554],"Matrifocal":[555],"distinguished":[560],"from":[561],"cognates":[562],"like":[563],"matrilineal":[564],"matrilocal;":[566],"must":[568],"confused":[571],"matriarchal":[573],"Bachofen's":[576],"Das":[577],"Mutterrecht.":[578],"Oddly":[579],"enough,":[580],"despite":[581],"recent":[583],"growth":[584],"entered":[588],"rarely":[591],"encounters":[592],"today":[595],"\u2026":[598]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}