{"id":"https://openalex.org/W999035935","doi":null,"title":"Contrast thresholds for letter identification in retinitis pigmentosa.","display_name":"Contrast thresholds for letter identification in retinitis pigmentosa.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W999035935","mag":"999035935","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1582787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1582787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1582787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112740439","display_name":"Kenneth R. Alexander","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K R Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago College of Medicine, University of Illinois 60612"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago College of Medicine, University of Illinois 60612","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018668602","display_name":"Deborah J. Derlacki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Derlacki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111671085","display_name":"Gerald Allen Fishman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G A Fishman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91493965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"6","first_page":"1846","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinitis-pigmentosa","display_name":"retinitis pigmentosa","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-sensitivity","display_name":"contrast sensitivity","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/letter-recognition","display_name":"letter recognition","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-photoreceptors","display_name":"cone photoreceptors","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity","display_name":"visual acuity","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.9281392097473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781114197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847057","display_name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","level":3,"score":0.871789813041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.8294497728347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.7107994556427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779736970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Fovea centralis","level":4,"score":0.6177315711975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5646190047264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.5612518787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364768","display_name":"Visual field","level":2,"score":0.49255189299583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.40609055757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3220691978931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.2573580741882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17913725972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11777740716934204}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000221","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012174","descriptor_name":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012684","descriptor_name":"Sensory Thresholds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015350","descriptor_name":"Contrast Sensitivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1582787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1582787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:999035935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1582787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5329664000","display_name":"Visual Dysfunction in Retinal Degenerations","funder_award_id":"R01EY008301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000857657","display_name":"P30 Core Grant for Vision Research","funder_award_id":"P30EY001792","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207880893","https://openalex.org/W1999318169","https://openalex.org/W2024926077","https://openalex.org/W2063258884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998546707","https://openalex.org/W4321071320","https://openalex.org/W89407374","https://openalex.org/W2072797241","https://openalex.org/W71917638","https://openalex.org/W2092217480","https://openalex.org/W1992352741","https://openalex.org/W2062613363","https://openalex.org/W2074244818","https://openalex.org/W2153546119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"assess":[1],"mechanisms":[2],"of":[3,18,36,47,67,76,79,98,117,143,146],"foveal":[4,62,109,118],"vision":[5,84],"loss":[6,116],"in":[7,33,124,137,140],"retinitis":[8],"pigmentosa":[9],"(RP),":[10],"contrast":[11,65,126],"thresholds":[12],"were":[13,72,130],"measured":[14],"for":[15,85,121],"the":[16,68,122,141],"identification":[17],"Sloan":[19],"letters":[20],"at":[21,90],"four":[22],"adapting":[23,92],"field":[24,93],"luminances":[25],"(0.4,":[26],"1.4,":[27],"2.4,":[28],"and":[29,57,89,150],"3.4":[30],"log":[31],"td)":[32],"a":[34,77,104,115,134],"group":[35,78,145],"16":[37],"patients":[38,69,147],"with":[39,70,82,133,148],"RP":[40,71,149],"who":[41],"had":[42],"best-corrected":[43],"Snellen":[44],"visual":[45,152],"acuities":[46],"20/30":[48],"or":[49,52,60],"better,":[50],"minimal":[51],"no":[53,58],"posterior":[54],"subcapsular":[55],"cataracts,":[56],"atrophic":[59],"cystic-appearing":[61],"lesions.":[63],"Letter":[64],"sensitivities":[66],"reduced":[73,105],"below":[74],"those":[75],"ten":[80],"subjects":[81],"normal":[83],"all":[86,91],"letter":[87,125],"sizes":[88],"luminances.":[94],"The":[95,128],"overall":[96],"pattern":[97],"these":[99],"results":[100],"indicated":[101],"that":[102],"neither":[103],"quantal":[106],"absorption":[107],"by":[108],"cones":[110,119],"nor":[111],"spatial":[112],"undersampling":[113],"from":[114],"accounted":[120],"reductions":[123],"sensitivities.":[127],"findings":[129],"most":[131],"consistent":[132],"uniform":[135],"increase":[136],"intercone":[138],"spacing":[139],"foveas":[142],"this":[144],"mild":[151],"acuity":[153],"loss.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}