{"id":"https://openalex.org/W995018233","doi":null,"title":"The Common Heritage of Mankind: Past, Present, and Future","display_name":"The Common Heritage of Mankind: Past, Present, and Future","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W995018233","mag":"995018233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.du.edu:djilp-1156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp/vol40/iss1/24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196520","display_name":"Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","host_organization_name":"University of Denver","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Denver Journal of International Law & Policy","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025773055","display_name":"John E. Noyes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112612939","display_name":"California Western School of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj57q03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112612939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John E. Noyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Western School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Western School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112612939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025773055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112612939"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95943073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"447","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-heritage-of-mankind","display_name":"common heritage of mankind","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-of-the-sea","display_name":"law of the sea","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-sea-mining","display_name":"deep-sea mining","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1982-united-nations-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea","display_name":"1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-agreement","display_name":"implementation agreement","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principles-of-international-law","display_name":"principles of international law","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-practice","display_name":"state practice","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-international-law","display_name":"history of international law","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.46711763739585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4329868257045746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3794998824596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18779101967811584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.du.edu:djilp-1156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp/vol40/iss1/24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196520","display_name":"Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","host_organization_name":"University of Denver","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Denver Journal of International Law & Policy","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu:fs-1019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/fs/21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:995018233","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=djilp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507699","display_name":"Denver Journal of International Law & Policy","issn_l":"0196-2035","issn":["0196-2035","2694-4634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Denver journal of international law and policy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014168099","https://openalex.org/W7043807927","https://openalex.org/W7017921269","https://openalex.org/W2462921157","https://openalex.org/W4389728378","https://openalex.org/W4286543370","https://openalex.org/W3186799224","https://openalex.org/W3170602425","https://openalex.org/W4240947623","https://openalex.org/W4400218936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,66],"essay":[1,56,223],"reflects":[2],"on":[3,158],"what":[4,58,72,85],"has":[5,138,186,209],"happened":[6],"to":[7,37,99,192],"the":[8,11,26,59,75,101,114,122,126,135,153,159,162,178,188,196,199,201,213,225,231],"principle":[9,18,61,76,107,137,191,233],"of":[10,14,28,54,108,147,152,161,180,198,203,212,221,230,240],"common":[12],"heritage":[13],"humankind":[15],"(the":[16],"CH":[17,60,102,115,136,214,232],"whereby":[19],"all":[20],"manage":[21],"resources":[22],"and":[23,48,92,125,205,228],"share":[24],"in":[25,39,63,121,128,141,195],"rewards":[27],"exploiting":[29],"them,":[30],"even":[31],"if":[32,237],"they":[33],"are":[34,79],"not":[35],"able":[36],"participate":[38],"that":[40,95,134],"exploitation)":[41],"including":[42],"recent":[43],"developments":[44],"affecting":[45],"its":[46,49,80,87,169],"implementation":[47],"possible":[50],"future.":[51],"Part":[52,111,131,150,219],"II":[53],"this":[55,222],"discusses":[57],"means":[62],"international":[64,109,206],"law.":[65,110],"discussion":[67],"involves":[68],"three":[69],"questions:":[70],"To":[71],"situations":[73],"does":[74],"apply?":[77],"What":[78],"components":[81],"or":[82,104,234],"elements?":[83],"And":[84],"is":[86,97,149],"legal":[88,207],"status?":[89],"Parts":[90],"III":[91,112],"IV":[93,132],"suggest":[94],"\"context\"":[96],"essential":[98],"understanding":[100],"principle,":[103,116],"indeed":[105],"any":[106],"places":[113],"which":[117],"was":[118],"promoted":[119],"especially":[120],"late":[123],"1960s":[124],"1970s,":[127],"historical":[129],"context.":[130],"notes":[133],"been":[139],"incorporated":[140],"some":[142],"treaties.":[143],"The":[144],"most":[145],"notable":[146],"these":[148],"XI":[151],"1982":[154],"United":[155],"Nations":[156],"Convention":[157],"Law":[160],"Sea":[163],"(\"LOS":[164],"Convention\"),":[165],"as":[166],"revised":[167],"by":[168],"associated":[170],"1994":[171],"Implementation":[172],"Agreement,":[173],"concerning":[174],"seabed":[175,215],"mining":[176,216],"beyond":[177],"limits":[179],"national":[181],"jurisdiction.":[182],"An":[183],"additional":[184],"development":[185],"accompanied":[187],"translation":[189],"from":[190],"detailed":[193],"rule":[194],"law":[197],"sea:":[200],"practice":[202],"states":[204],"institutions":[208],"reinforced":[210],"aspects":[211],"regime.":[217],"Finally,":[218],"V":[220],"evaluates":[224],"current":[226],"status":[227],"significance":[229],"concept.":[235],"What,":[236],"anything,":[238],"remains":[239],"it?":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
