{"id":"https://openalex.org/W99277676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","title":"Systemic Side Effects Associated with the Ophthalmic Administration of Timolol","display_name":"Systemic Side Effects Associated with the Ophthalmic Administration of Timolol","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W99277676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","mag":"99277676","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3882377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808501900201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020024600","display_name":"Wendy P. Munroe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy P. Munroe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ambulatory Care Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical College of Virginia, MCV Station, Box 42, Richmond, VA 23298"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ambulatory Care Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical College of Virginia, MCV Station, Box 42, Richmond, VA 23298","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020374978","display_name":"Joseph P. Rindone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-6120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-6120","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-2455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098770","display_name":"Southern Arizona VA Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00xb4cb83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210098770","https://openalex.org/I4210138663"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph P. Rindone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacist and Pharmacy Practice, Arizona College of Pharmacy, VA Medical Center (119), South 6th Ave., Tucson, AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacist and Pharmacy Practice, Arizona College of Pharmacy, VA Medical Center (119), South 6th Ave., Tucson, AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052791439","display_name":"Robert M. Kershner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3048-4790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3048-4790"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Kershner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eye Physician and Surgeon, 4727 N. First Ave., Tucson, AZ. Reprints: Wendy P. Munroe, Pharm.D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eye Physician and Surgeon, 4727 N. First Ave., Tucson, AZ. Reprints: Wendy P. Munroe, Pharm.D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110054982","display_name":"P F D\u2019Arcy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.F. D'Arcy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy and Head, Department of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy and Head, Department of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8378,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"85","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13467","display_name":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13467","display_name":"Drug-Induced Ocular Toxicity","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.1266999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timolol","display_name":"timolol","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-toxicity","display_name":"systemic toxicity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-blockers","display_name":"beta-blockers","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-distress","display_name":"respiratory distress","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bradycardia","display_name":"bradycardia","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-effects","display_name":"central nervous system effects","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-patients","display_name":"elderly patients","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraindications","display_name":"contraindications","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413994","display_name":"Timolol","level":3,"score":0.8744688630104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8502944111824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777495988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217111","display_name":"Bradycardia","level":4,"score":0.6229873895645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5620248317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25938499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663812","display_name":"Systemic administration","level":3,"score":0.48056986927986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.44807201623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4330570697784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3232812285423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3204251527786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20092982053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17652875185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650050","display_name":"Intraocular pressure","level":2,"score":0.1742399036884308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.1337665319442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000042","descriptor_name":"Absorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002493","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009883","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmic Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013999","descriptor_name":"Timolol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013999","descriptor_name":"Timolol","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013999","descriptor_name":"Timolol","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808501900201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3882377","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3882377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118346965","https://openalex.org/W136125736","https://openalex.org/W1806027788","https://openalex.org/W1809894534","https://openalex.org/W1965279030","https://openalex.org/W1966358620","https://openalex.org/W1968470517","https://openalex.org/W1972829417","https://openalex.org/W1973148714","https://openalex.org/W1978398517","https://openalex.org/W1981542773","https://openalex.org/W1987528489","https://openalex.org/W1993580973","https://openalex.org/W2007780884","https://openalex.org/W2007982705","https://openalex.org/W2010562066","https://openalex.org/W2012755050","https://openalex.org/W2012859982","https://openalex.org/W2018340607","https://openalex.org/W2020878379","https://openalex.org/W2029584613","https://openalex.org/W2031170270","https://openalex.org/W2032978927","https://openalex.org/W2036070352","https://openalex.org/W2038180315","https://openalex.org/W2039421577","https://openalex.org/W2041474279","https://openalex.org/W2042473182","https://openalex.org/W2043133040","https://openalex.org/W2046499516","https://openalex.org/W2062525000","https://openalex.org/W2065906518","https://openalex.org/W2069443640","https://openalex.org/W2074811564","https://openalex.org/W2076094377","https://openalex.org/W2091896181","https://openalex.org/W2108205118","https://openalex.org/W2111782110","https://openalex.org/W2133919913","https://openalex.org/W2145395797","https://openalex.org/W2398355213","https://openalex.org/W2400098068","https://openalex.org/W2408062015","https://openalex.org/W2414929026","https://openalex.org/W2418817037","https://openalex.org/W2434294286","https://openalex.org/W4246681668","https://openalex.org/W4300332826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568367293","https://openalex.org/W1973148714","https://openalex.org/W2056017055","https://openalex.org/W2091896181","https://openalex.org/W2408996046","https://openalex.org/W4235329144","https://openalex.org/W1966311193","https://openalex.org/W1972793197","https://openalex.org/W4232652856","https://openalex.org/W2001194538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,24,30,64],"introduction":[2],"of":[3,14,23,40,66,85],"ophthalmic":[4,98],"timolol":[5,99],"solution":[6],"in":[7,47],"1978":[8],"there":[9],"have":[10,43,89],"been":[11,44,91],"numerous":[12],"reports":[13],"systemic":[15,25,87,111],"toxicity":[16],"associated":[17,34],"with":[18,35,49,108],"its":[19],"use.":[20],"The":[21],"majority":[22],"side":[26],"effects":[27,55,58,75,88],"reported":[28,76],"are":[29],"same":[31],"as":[32],"those":[33,106],"oral":[36],"timolol.":[37],"Several":[38],"cases":[39],"respiratory":[41],"distress":[42],"described":[45],"generally":[46],"patients":[48,104,107],"underlying":[50],"restrictive":[51],"airway":[52],"disease.":[53],"Cardiovascular":[54],"range":[56],"from":[57],"on":[59],"resting":[60],"pulse":[61],"rate":[62],"to":[63,102,110],"development":[65],"overt":[67],"bradycardia":[68],"and":[69,81],"heart":[70],"failure.":[71],"Central":[72],"nervous":[73],"system":[74],"include":[77],"fatigue,":[78],"confusion,":[79],"depression,":[80],"hallucinations.":[82],"A":[83],"variety":[84],"other":[86],"also":[90],"described.":[92],"Caution":[93],"should":[94],"be":[95],"used":[96],"when":[97],"is":[100],"administered":[101],"elderly":[103],"or":[105],"contraindications":[109],"beta-blockers.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
