{"id":"https://openalex.org/W99258744","doi":null,"title":"Further studies on developing technology for indirect liquefaction","display_name":"Further studies on developing technology for indirect liquefaction","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W99258744","mag":"99258744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:99258744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982STIN...8327406G/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530908","display_name":"STIN","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"STIN","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113718298","display_name":"D. Gray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083742227","display_name":"MARTIN B. NEUWORTH","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.B. Neuworth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053419348","display_name":"G. Tomlinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Tomlinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09710744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":null,"first_page":"27406","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-coal-liquefaction","display_name":"indirect coal liquefaction","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-gasification","display_name":"coal gasification","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrained-flow-gasifier","display_name":"entrained flow gasifier","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lurgi-gasifier","display_name":"Lurgi gasifier","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illinois-no-6-coal","display_name":"Illinois No. 6 coal","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syngas","display_name":"syngas","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texaco-gasifier","display_name":"Texaco gasifier","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.8144496083259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221979","display_name":"Coal liquefaction","level":3,"score":0.7243039011955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.7021690011024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15229330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649134","display_name":"Wood gas generator","level":3,"score":0.6869765520095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86021790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909968","display_name":"Coal gasification","level":3,"score":0.5782454013824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5694152116775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.5134926438331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21434488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900614","display_name":"Carbochemistry","level":4,"score":0.4563693106174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.43257689476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41746512055397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3759990930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3124751150608063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.286044180393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10054847598075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:99258744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982STIN...8327406G/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530908","display_name":"STIN","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"STIN","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.5288000106811523,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W53869276","https://openalex.org/W319844032","https://openalex.org/W2943758501","https://openalex.org/W2901907006","https://openalex.org/W4390741113","https://openalex.org/W2385631270","https://openalex.org/W2580394488","https://openalex.org/W2996709334","https://openalex.org/W4404397950","https://openalex.org/W143523191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"investigations":[1],"have":[2],"resulted":[3],"in":[4,187,192],"the":[5,25,37,79,119,125,139,147,151,188],"conclusion":[6],"that":[7,162,181],"fluid-bed":[8],"gasifiers,":[9],"such":[10,16,57],"as":[11,17,36,58],"Westinghouse":[12],"or":[13],"entrained-flow":[14],"gasifiers":[15,93,180],"Texaco":[18,90],"and":[19,91,100,133,146,178],"Shell-Koppers,":[20],"offer":[21,94],"significant":[22,95],"advantages":[23,96],"over":[24,97],"BGC":[26],"Lurgi":[27,40,99],"gasifier":[28],"when":[29],"Illinois":[30,59,68],"No.":[31,60,69],"6":[32,70],"coal":[33,56,71,152],"is":[34,129],"employed":[35],"feedstock.":[38],"Dry-ash":[39],"gasification":[41,83],"has":[42],"additional":[43],"disadvantages":[44],"which":[45,135],"appear":[46],"to":[47,154,184],"make":[48],"it":[49,158],"unsuitable":[50],"for":[51,85,106,174],"applications":[52],"with":[53],"mildly":[54],"caking":[55],"6.":[61],"The":[62,111],"results":[63],"of":[64,67,81,122,142,150],"our":[65,75],"analyses":[66],"do":[72],"not":[73],"alter":[74],"prior":[76],"conclusions":[77],"regarding":[78],"use":[80],"advanced":[82,179],"systems":[84],"indirect":[86],"liquefaction.":[87],"BGC/Lurgi,":[88],"Westinghouse,":[89],"Shell-Koppers":[92],"dry-ash":[98],"should":[101,159],"be":[102,116,137,155,160],"given":[103],"detailed":[104],"consideration":[105],"a":[107,127],"US":[108],"liquefaction":[109],"facility.":[110],"final":[112],"decision":[113,128],"will":[114],"probably":[115],"driven":[117],"by":[118],"relative":[120],"state":[121],"development":[123],"at":[124],"time":[126],"required,":[130],"process":[131],"license":[132],"guarantees":[134],"could":[136],"negotiated,":[138],"market":[140],"value":[141],"an":[143],"SNG":[144],"co-product,":[145],"specific":[148],"characteristics":[149],"feedstock":[153],"used.":[156],"Again,":[157],"stressed":[161],"all":[163],"these":[164],"potential":[165],"improvements":[166],"are":[167,182],"contingent":[168],"upon":[169],"performance":[170],"levels":[171],"being":[172],"achieved":[173],"both":[175],"Kolbel":[176],"synthesis":[177],"equal":[183],"those":[185],"reported":[186],"literature":[189],"sources":[190],"used":[191],"this":[193],"study.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
