{"id":"https://openalex.org/W98903016","doi":null,"title":"Role of anti-CTLA-4 therapies in the treatment of cancer.","display_name":"Role of anti-CTLA-4 therapies in the treatment of cancer.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W98903016","mag":"98903016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15011783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15011783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15011783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in molecular therapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058401562","display_name":"Scott I. Abrams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-4708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-4708"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149717","display_name":"Center for Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjen692","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4210149717"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott I Abrams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 5846, Bethesda, MD 20892-1402, USA. sa47z@nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 5846, Bethesda, MD 20892-1402, USA. sa47z@nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4210149717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058401562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4210149717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78496841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctla-4-blockade","display_name":"CTLA-4 blockade","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-ctla-4-monoclonal-antibody","display_name":"anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-costimulation","display_name":"T cell costimulation","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitumor-immunity","display_name":"antitumor immunity","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoreactivity","display_name":"autoreactivity","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-receptor-signaling","display_name":"T cell receptor signaling","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19317047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412037","display_name":"T-cell receptor","level":4,"score":0.6630734801292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.5887473225593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.47635960578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.4699205160140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.45557326078414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.45555931329727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.4506729245185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21705690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2907609","display_name":"CTLA-4","level":4,"score":0.43879014253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4229680001735687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4190221428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.37222594022750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.37173202633857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.3081969618797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29432231187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10995471477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07515352964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000943","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008213","descriptor_name":"Lymphocyte Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011948","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013602","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016219","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy, Adoptive","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060908","descriptor_name":"CTLA-4 Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15011783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15011783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in molecular therapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:98903016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15011783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154813177","https://openalex.org/W201105592","https://openalex.org/W3118147034","https://openalex.org/W1995009388","https://openalex.org/W1604034869","https://openalex.org/W3025020074","https://openalex.org/W2094366129","https://openalex.org/W2473098457","https://openalex.org/W2186514511","https://openalex.org/W2588153910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"in":[1,21,76,125,131,145],"the":[2,13,27,93,100],"field":[3],"of":[4,15,30,92],"T-cell":[5,31,49,63,74,128],"receptor":[6],"(TCR)/antigen":[7],"(Ag)":[8],"recognition":[9],"have":[10,78],"led":[11],"to":[12,44,70,86,122,156],"discovery":[14],"a":[16,36,57,61,88,116],"unique":[17],"receptor/ligand":[18],"system":[19],"that,":[20],"collaboration":[22],"with":[23,139,147],"TCR/Ag":[24],"engagement,":[25],"underlies":[26],"molecular":[28],"basis":[29],"activation":[32],"and":[33,112],"proliferation.":[34],"Such":[35],"process":[37,59],"has":[38,84,119,136],"been":[39,79,85,120,137],"termed":[40],"co-stimulation,":[41],"which":[42],"serves":[43],"either":[45],"upregulate":[46],"or":[47],"downregulate":[48],"signaling":[50],"following":[51],"TCR":[52],"ligation.":[53],"As":[54],"neoplasia":[55],"represents":[56],"pathogenic":[58],"whereby":[60],"sustained":[62],"response":[64],"may":[65,151],"be":[66,123],"desirable,":[67],"intensive":[68],"efforts":[69],"prolong":[71],"endogenous":[72],"tumor-induced":[73],"activity":[75],"vivo":[77],"investigated.":[80],"One":[81],"innovative":[82],"approach":[83],"block":[87],"crucial":[89],"inhibitory":[90],"arm":[91],"co-stimulatory":[94],"pathway":[95],"using":[96],"monoclonal":[97],"antibodies":[98],"against":[99],"CTLA-4":[101,142],"molecule":[102],"expressed":[103],"by":[104],"Ag-primed,":[105],"activated":[106],"T-cells.":[107],"In":[108],"both":[109],"preclinical":[110],"models":[111],"clinical":[113,134],"settings,":[114],"such":[115],"therapeutic":[117,154],"intervention":[118],"found":[121],"effective":[124],"promoting":[126],"antitumor":[127],"responses":[129],"and,":[130],"some":[132],"patients,":[133],"regression":[135],"concomitant":[138],"autoreactivity.":[140],"Thus,":[141],"blockade,":[143],"perhaps":[144],"conjunction":[146],"other":[148],"oncological":[149],"modalities,":[150],"comprise":[152],"important":[153],"paradigms":[155],"facilitate":[157],"long-lasting":[158],"antineoplastic":[159],"immunity.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}