{"id":"https://openalex.org/W987889495","doi":null,"title":"Means to an End: A Comparative Review of Finland and Singapore\u2019s Basic Education Systems","display_name":"Means to an End: A Comparative Review of Finland and Singapore\u2019s Basic Education Systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W987889495","mag":"987889495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup-student-papers.lub.lu.se:5469230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","pdf_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402420","display_name":"Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"H2"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086121887","display_name":"Wilfred W. F. Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-4869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-4869"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wilfred W. F. Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-4869","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086121887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-education-system","display_name":"basic education system","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finland","display_name":"Finland","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore","display_name":"Singapore","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-testing","display_name":"standardized testing","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-quality","display_name":"teacher quality","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-retention","display_name":"teacher retention","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-hierarchy","display_name":"educational hierarchy","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homework","display_name":"homework","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-size","display_name":"class size","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-education","display_name":"philosophy of education","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-comparison-of-education","display_name":"international comparison of education systems","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.693102240562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6543890833854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48474356532096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4767906665802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45507681369781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45260918140411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4402102828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43121036887168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4104797840118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3578745126724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33783280849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2708405554294586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23392558097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.12924692034721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11510619521141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1124994158744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:lup-student-papers.lub.lu.se:5469230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","pdf_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402420","display_name":"Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"H2"},{"id":"mag:987889495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230/file/5469368.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup-student-papers.lub.lu.se:5469230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","pdf_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5469230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402420","display_name":"Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"H2"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W987889495.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W987889495.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164384036","https://openalex.org/W234496248","https://openalex.org/W627425789","https://openalex.org/W782672777","https://openalex.org/W1479905159","https://openalex.org/W1503337113","https://openalex.org/W1543909721","https://openalex.org/W1559821202","https://openalex.org/W1573432328","https://openalex.org/W1594463852","https://openalex.org/W1907771787","https://openalex.org/W1975303543","https://openalex.org/W1980702013","https://openalex.org/W1983809244","https://openalex.org/W1995254237","https://openalex.org/W1998831290","https://openalex.org/W2003892330","https://openalex.org/W2028800244","https://openalex.org/W2029078449","https://openalex.org/W2038007002","https://openalex.org/W2045227400","https://openalex.org/W2045716859","https://openalex.org/W2048898706","https://openalex.org/W2049459000","https://openalex.org/W2067278684","https://openalex.org/W2075575187","https://openalex.org/W2081484721","https://openalex.org/W2093029494","https://openalex.org/W2098109568","https://openalex.org/W2099562627","https://openalex.org/W2102134970","https://openalex.org/W2105738524","https://openalex.org/W2110978366","https://openalex.org/W2117499425","https://openalex.org/W2121777269","https://openalex.org/W2123709213","https://openalex.org/W2132974489","https://openalex.org/W2139340376","https://openalex.org/W2154866106","https://openalex.org/W2183773223","https://openalex.org/W2184188347","https://openalex.org/W2187985372","https://openalex.org/W2296152383","https://openalex.org/W2330317003","https://openalex.org/W2508347849","https://openalex.org/W2998534956","https://openalex.org/W3001215146","https://openalex.org/W3022179005","https://openalex.org/W3122689956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172119310","https://openalex.org/W2521359415","https://openalex.org/W7160015869","https://openalex.org/W4401000790","https://openalex.org/W4381849690","https://openalex.org/W4400430027","https://openalex.org/W7215535421","https://openalex.org/W4404557869","https://openalex.org/W4387218637","https://openalex.org/W4410873766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Singapore":[0,114],"and":[1,17,102,115,129,143,158],"Finland,":[2,116],"despite":[3],"having":[4],"very":[5],"different":[6,111],"approaches":[7],"to":[8,71,120,165,190,201],"basic":[9],"education,":[10],"both":[11],"perform":[12],"highly":[13],"in":[14,31,42,168],"standardized":[15],"testing":[16],"are":[18,74,87,109,117,132],"respected":[19],"internationally":[20],"for":[21,40,185],"their":[22],"education":[23,122,141,188],"systems.":[24,123],"This":[25,53],"paper":[26,177],"takes":[27],"a":[28,47,144,155,179,186],"policy-planning":[29],"view":[30],"analysing":[32],"what":[33,134],"makes":[34],"these":[35,43],"systems":[36],"tick,":[37],"looking":[38],"specifically":[39],"similarities":[41],"contrasting":[44],"systems,":[45],"or":[46],"\u201cdifferent":[48],"process":[49],"same":[50],"outcome\u201d":[51],"approach.":[52],"means":[54],"focusing":[55],"on":[56],"factors":[57,68],"that":[58,69,77,93,197],"can":[59,151,198],"be":[60,152,199],"affected":[61],"via":[62],"policy":[63],"means.":[64],"By":[65],"doing":[66],"this,":[67],"contribute":[70],"academic":[72],"excellence":[73],"isolated,":[75],"given":[76],"they":[78],"remain":[79],"as":[80,98,192,194],"constants":[81],"even":[82,103],"when":[83,112,125],"the":[84,140,169,173,182],"surrounding":[85],"conditions":[86,184],"changed":[88],"dramatically.":[89],"Analysis":[90],"shown":[91],"reveals":[92],"many":[94],"\u201cpopular\u201d":[95],"categories,":[96],"such":[97],"homework,":[99],"class":[100],"size":[101],"educational":[104],"philosophy,":[105],"all":[106],"of":[107,148],"which":[108,150],"wildly":[110],"comparing":[113],"not":[118,172],"unique":[119],"good":[121,187],"Rather,":[124],"stable":[126],"political,":[127],"social":[128],"economic":[130],"climates":[131],"assumed,":[133],"matters":[135],"is":[136],"structural":[137],"cohesiveness":[138],"within":[139],"hierarchy,":[142],"high":[145],"overall":[146],"quality":[147],"teachers,":[149],"achieved":[153],"through":[154],"robust":[156],"training":[157],"recruitment":[159],"program":[160],"along":[161],"with":[162],"powerful":[163],"incentives":[164],"keep":[166],"them":[167],"industry,":[170],"if":[171],"career.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"this":[176],"presents":[178],"model":[180],"detailing":[181],"necessary":[183],"system":[189],"exist,":[191],"well":[193],"some":[195],"measures":[196],"taken":[200],"improve":[202],"it.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}