{"id":"https://openalex.org/W9875742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","title":"Communities and Schools: A New View of Urban Education Reform","display_name":"Communities and Schools: A New View of Urban Education Reform","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W9875742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","mag":"9875742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129458801","display_name":"Harvard Educational Review","issn_l":"0017-8055","issn":["0017-8055","1943-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315711","host_organization_name":"Harvard University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315711","https://openalex.org/P4310316284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard University Press","Harvard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Educational Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"MARK WARREN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MARK WARREN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.6405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":433,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99817552,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"133","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11676","display_name":"Parental Involvement in Education","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11676","display_name":"Parental Involvement in Education","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-education-reform","display_name":"urban education reform","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-schools","display_name":"community schools","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-organizations","display_name":"community organizations","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-community-partnership","display_name":"school-community partnership","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charter-schools","display_name":"charter schools","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-sponsorship","display_name":"community sponsorship","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-power","display_name":"relational power","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-revitalization","display_name":"community revitalization","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-change","display_name":"school change","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.6975026726722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.6541757583618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5915237069129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558602821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25866","display_name":"Community organizing","level":2,"score":0.5696499347686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.540688693523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71343576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718998","display_name":"Community development","level":2,"score":0.516135573387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.5147040486335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509133132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269648","display_name":"Community organization","level":2,"score":0.502497673034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.44825100898742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4438894987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552535540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861536","display_name":"Education reform","level":3,"score":0.41649600863456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41243240237236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.39380887150764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39361125230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33274731040000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32666778564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.30084389448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.24962854385375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.21815279126167297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.2.m718151032167438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129458801","display_name":"Harvard Educational Review","issn_l":"0017-8055","issn":["0017-8055","1943-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315711","host_organization_name":"Harvard University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315711","https://openalex.org/P4310316284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard University Press","Harvard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Educational Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.7250000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21470489","https://openalex.org/W40909248","https://openalex.org/W58026792","https://openalex.org/W95672898","https://openalex.org/W120492542","https://openalex.org/W129516144","https://openalex.org/W129867981","https://openalex.org/W163106462","https://openalex.org/W235497506","https://openalex.org/W248819094","https://openalex.org/W253770853","https://openalex.org/W342552726","https://openalex.org/W564248373","https://openalex.org/W599441115","https://openalex.org/W620069769","https://openalex.org/W627549950","https://openalex.org/W631489227","https://openalex.org/W1504190881","https://openalex.org/W1504580930","https://openalex.org/W1506424535","https://openalex.org/W1506800191","https://openalex.org/W1513899670","https://openalex.org/W1527788823","https://openalex.org/W1529065856","https://openalex.org/W1533558196","https://openalex.org/W1537259130","https://openalex.org/W1550045091","https://openalex.org/W1564496594","https://openalex.org/W1568585947","https://openalex.org/W1575183101","https://openalex.org/W1588454345","https://openalex.org/W1600641821","https://openalex.org/W1613151637","https://openalex.org/W1965471694","https://openalex.org/W1974278728","https://openalex.org/W1982125510","https://openalex.org/W2004596831","https://openalex.org/W2010326976","https://openalex.org/W2014527023","https://openalex.org/W2032324940","https://openalex.org/W2037928393","https://openalex.org/W2040837187","https://openalex.org/W2042973138","https://openalex.org/W2043131476","https://openalex.org/W2047291105","https://openalex.org/W2057988546","https://openalex.org/W2063854367","https://openalex.org/W2064107534","https://openalex.org/W2065398134","https://openalex.org/W2072278719","https://openalex.org/W2085032967","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2090848625","https://openalex.org/W2094429259","https://openalex.org/W2115114178","https://openalex.org/W2126175524","https://openalex.org/W2153420810","https://openalex.org/W2157619495","https://openalex.org/W2167753031","https://openalex.org/W2169091890","https://openalex.org/W2169241114","https://openalex.org/W2172252248","https://openalex.org/W2230323759","https://openalex.org/W2490015015","https://openalex.org/W2725798563","https://openalex.org/W2733562904","https://openalex.org/W2913405915","https://openalex.org/W3021509694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005209419","https://openalex.org/W2125941200","https://openalex.org/W1605755456","https://openalex.org/W135743358","https://openalex.org/W7096401108","https://openalex.org/W2338388686","https://openalex.org/W3098410610","https://openalex.org/W2133454213","https://openalex.org/W2146458899","https://openalex.org/W2048791564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"Mark":[3],"R.":[4],"Warren":[5,33,118,136],"argues":[6],"that":[7,49,113,149],"if":[8],"urban":[9,146],"school":[10,108],"reform":[11,148],"in":[12,158],"the":[13,25,28,54,59,69,103,129],"United":[14],"States":[15],"is":[16],"to":[17,24,91,101,110,145,155],"be":[18,22],"successful,":[19],"it":[20,151],"must":[21],"linked":[23],"revitalization":[26],"of":[27,38,64,82,116,134],"communities":[29],"around":[30],"our":[31],"schools.":[32],"identifies":[34,50,119],"a":[35,47,77,98,139,142],"growing":[36],"field":[37],"collaboration":[39],"between":[40],"public":[41],"schools":[42],"and":[43,68,85,125,127,132,153],"community-based":[44],"organizations,":[45],"developing":[46],"typology":[48],"three":[51],"different":[52],"approaches:":[53],"service":[55],"approach":[56,61,71,144],"(community":[57,62],"schools);":[58,67],"development":[60],"sponsorship":[63],"new":[65,143],"charter":[66],"organizing":[70],"(school-community":[72],"organizing).":[73],"The":[74],"author":[75],"elaborates":[76],"conceptual":[78],"framework":[79],"using":[80],"theories":[81],"social":[83,156],"capital":[84],"relational":[86],"power,":[87],"presenting":[88],"case":[89,100],"studies":[90],"illustrate":[92],"each":[93],"type.":[94],"He":[95],"also":[96],"discusses":[97],"fourth":[99],"demonstrate":[102],"possibilities":[104],"for":[105,141],"linking":[106],"individual":[107],"change":[109,157],"political":[111],"strategies":[112],"address":[114],"structures":[115],"poverty.":[117],"shared":[120],"lessons":[121],"across":[122],"these":[123],"approaches,":[124],"compares":[126],"contrasts":[128],"particular":[130],"strengths":[131],"weaknesses":[133],"each.":[135],"concludes":[137],"with":[138],"call":[140],"education":[147],"links":[150],"theoretically":[152],"practically":[154],"America's":[159],"cities.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}