{"id":"https://openalex.org/W987494422","doi":null,"title":"Information and communication technologies : a World Bank Group strategy","display_name":"Information and communication technologies : a World Bank Group strategy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W987494422","mag":"987494422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:987494422","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.shihang.org/curated/zh/421471468325303463/Information-and-communication-technologies-a-World-Bank-Group-strategy","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003075135","display_name":"Robert Schw\u00e4re","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schw\u00e4re","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011506434","display_name":"Charles Kenny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Kenny","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033644422","display_name":"Vivien Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8994"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivien Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8994","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006882998","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Wellenius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Wellenius","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028309488","display_name":"Anupama Dokeniya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupama Dokeniya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109486525","display_name":"David R. Wheeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-8516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-8516","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-5859"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Wheeler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067683851","display_name":"Bill Kerr-Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Kerr-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012524793","display_name":"Christine Zhen\u2010Wei Qiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Zhen\u2010Wei Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045240881","display_name":"Kerry McNamara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry McNamara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110526895","display_name":"Peter Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023262428","display_name":"Sabine Durier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Durier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022620130","display_name":"Lizmara Kirchner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizmara Kirchner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9649,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98568076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.551800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.551800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.399399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13066","display_name":"Information Society and Technology Trends","score":0.023900000378489494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communication-technologies","display_name":"information and communication technologies","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-and-development","display_name":"knowledge and development","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-diffusion","display_name":"knowledge diffusion","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-opportunities","display_name":"educational opportunities","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-revolution","display_name":"Green Revolution","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-yielding-varieties","display_name":"high-yielding varieties","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-asian-miracle","display_name":"Asian economic miracle","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.4913889467716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4399905502796173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4334877133369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.43095216155052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4155789613723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.4059714078903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3816808760166168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3389948010444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.32626011967658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.12379956245422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11078852415084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:987494422","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.shihang.org/curated/zh/421471468325303463/Information-and-communication-technologies-a-World-Bank-Group-strategy","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5365999937057495,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231612396","https://openalex.org/W4251893299","https://openalex.org/W7038746454","https://openalex.org/W411966524","https://openalex.org/W178922056","https://openalex.org/W1984759054","https://openalex.org/W1752773250","https://openalex.org/W2223967964","https://openalex.org/W7075714268","https://openalex.org/W631850124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"has":[1,32],"always":[2],"been":[3],"central":[4],"to":[5,14,238],"development.":[6],"It":[7],"is":[8,50,186,223],"necessary":[9],"for":[10,16,22,188],"markets":[11],"and":[12,21,42,56,66,81,97,161,197,201,209,228,244],"governments":[13],"function,":[15],"the":[17,23,46,54,74,77,83,100,108,124,127,133,140,169,175,178,184,192,199,210,216],"process":[18],"of":[19,25,37,53,58,63,76,87,99,107,110,118,123,126,142,157,168,183,194,203,212,232],"innovation,":[20],"application":[24,57,141,202],"new":[26],"ideas.":[27],"The":[28,115,155],"green":[29],"revolution":[30],"that":[31,98,233],"more":[33,229],"than":[34,165,230],"doubled":[35],"yields":[36],"staple":[38],"crops":[39],"in":[40,90,139,150,153,171,191,198,242],"Asia":[41],"South":[43],"America":[44],"over":[45,132,177],"last":[47],"50":[48],"years,":[49],"an":[51],"example":[52],"development":[55],"knowledge":[59,119,143],"through":[60],"a":[61,70,145],"range":[62],"local,":[64],"national,":[65],"international":[67],"institutions":[68],"making":[69],"dramatic":[71],"impact":[72],"on":[73],"incomes":[75],"poor.":[78],"Between":[79],"1973":[80],"1994,":[82],"average":[84],"real":[85],"income":[86,151,218],"small":[88],"farmers":[89],"southern":[91],"India":[92],"increased":[93],"by":[94,102,189],"90":[95],"percent,":[96,104],"landless":[101],"125":[103],"largely":[105],"because":[106],"introduction":[109],"labor-intensive,":[111],"high-yielding":[112],"crop":[113],"varieties.":[114],"successful":[116],"use":[117],"lies":[120],"behind":[121,148],"much":[122],"growth":[125,152,172,193],"East":[128],"Asian":[129],"'miracle'":[130],"countries":[131],"past":[134,179],"half":[135,231],"century.":[136],"Conversely,":[137],"weaknesses":[138],"are":[144],"major":[146],"factor":[147],"stagnation":[149],"Africa.":[154],"accumulation":[156],"physical":[158],"capital-machinery,":[159],"roads,":[160],"buildings,":[162],"explains":[163],"less":[164],"30":[166],"percent":[167],"variations":[170],"rates":[173],"around":[174],"world":[176],"40":[180],"years.":[181],"Much":[182],"rest":[185],"accounted":[187],"differences":[190],"educational":[195],"opportunities,":[196],"diffusion":[200],"knowledge.":[204,246],"Forty":[205],"years":[206],"ago,":[207],"Ghana":[208],"Republic":[211],"Korea":[213,222],"had":[214],"virtually":[215],"same":[217],"per":[219],"capita.":[220],"Today,":[221],"approximately":[224],"six":[225],"times":[226],"richer,":[227],"gap":[234],"can":[235],"be":[236],"attributed":[237],"Korea's":[239],"greater":[240],"success":[241],"acquiring":[243],"using":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
