{"id":"https://openalex.org/W983066848","doi":null,"title":"The rise of large scale formal smallholder irrigation schemes in Swaziland: an appropriate solution for rural livelihoods and agricultural production","display_name":"The rise of large scale formal smallholder irrigation schemes in Swaziland: an appropriate solution for rural livelihoods and agricultural production","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W983066848","mag":"983066848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:18864","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021645109","display_name":"Bruce Alistair Lankford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-272X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-272X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Lankford","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Development","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021645109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68971631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-irrigation","display_name":"smallholder irrigation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agrarian-political-economy","display_name":"political economy of agriculture","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-livelihoods","display_name":"rural livelihoods","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-development","display_name":"agricultural development","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lowveld","display_name":"Lowveld","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eswatini","display_name":"Swaziland","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.8648347854614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6814467310905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6690215468406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6689668297767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.638931393623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5931228399276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988676352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773637","display_name":"Rural development","level":3,"score":0.49342384934425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4706513285636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.4513033628463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43628424406051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4096102714538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.396789014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.39054441452026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.320485383272171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27392929792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2248612642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.08857321739196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:18864","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},{"id":"mag:983066848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/18864/1/WP01.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:18864","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/18864/1/WP01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W983066848.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W983066848.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28428540","https://openalex.org/W113978735","https://openalex.org/W589587622","https://openalex.org/W1573129964","https://openalex.org/W1804466413","https://openalex.org/W1969578801","https://openalex.org/W1970710599","https://openalex.org/W1973212733","https://openalex.org/W1991499189","https://openalex.org/W2006112225","https://openalex.org/W2018153749","https://openalex.org/W2026231847","https://openalex.org/W2038206453","https://openalex.org/W2038927965","https://openalex.org/W2086855111","https://openalex.org/W2094572921","https://openalex.org/W2094619092","https://openalex.org/W2112640013","https://openalex.org/W2141151109","https://openalex.org/W2234558553","https://openalex.org/W2276910204","https://openalex.org/W2332134398","https://openalex.org/W2531453512","https://openalex.org/W2618431599","https://openalex.org/W2730093617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520674666","https://openalex.org/W2531453512","https://openalex.org/W2234558553","https://openalex.org/W2730093617","https://openalex.org/W2074978336","https://openalex.org/W2096841412","https://openalex.org/W2006112225","https://openalex.org/W1570430280","https://openalex.org/W2981982981","https://openalex.org/W2058986383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"argues":[2],"that":[3,89,144],"the":[4,21,28,42,45,66,72,82,98,104,138],"dominance":[5],"of":[6,23,30,41,44,56,75,78,118,124],"estate":[7],"sugarcane":[8],"has":[9],"caused,":[10],"and":[11,65,136],"is":[12,37,113,127,149],"continuing":[13],"to":[14,20,114],"provide,":[15],"an":[16],"important":[17],"'political":[18],"economy'":[19],"development":[22,77],"smallholder":[24,33,95,148],"irrigation":[25,34,80],"in":[26,35,59,81,87,97,134],"Swaziland;":[27],"lack":[29],"traditional,":[31],"non-sugar":[32],"Swaziland":[36,135],"partly":[38],"a":[39,54,85,121],"product":[40],"orientation":[43],"lowveld":[46],"towards":[47],"irrigated":[48],"sugar":[49],"production.This":[50],"relationship":[51],"forms":[52],"via":[53],"number":[55],"ways,":[57],"explored":[58],"this":[60,116],"paper.These":[61],"factors,":[62],"support":[63],"services,":[64],"agro-industrial":[67],"farming":[68],"environment":[69],"combined":[70],"with":[71],"high":[73],"risks":[74],"successful":[76],"small-scale":[79],"middleveld,":[83],"provide":[84],"momentum":[86],"capability":[88],"may":[90,102],"considerably":[91],"sustain":[92],"new":[93],"large-scale":[94,147],"projects":[96],"lowveld,":[99],"which":[100],"arguably":[101],"be":[103],"most":[105],"sensible":[106],"route":[107],"for":[108],"agriculture-related":[109],"development.The":[110],"key":[111],"challenge":[112],"ensure":[115],"confluence":[117],"endowments":[119],"creates":[120],"wider":[122],"spread":[123],"benefits":[125],"than":[126],"currently":[128],"being":[129],"enjoyed":[130],"by":[131],"small":[132],"farmers":[133],"at":[137],"same":[139],"time,":[140],"decisionmakers":[141],"also":[142],"recognise":[143],"expanding":[145],"formal":[146],"not":[150],"without":[151],"risks.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}