{"id":"https://openalex.org/W97736067","doi":null,"title":"Optimisation of the Transesterification Stage of Biodiesel Production using statistical methods","display_name":"Optimisation of the Transesterification Stage of Biodiesel Production using statistical methods","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W97736067","mag":"97736067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-3040","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088996551","display_name":"Arnold Paintsil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-3609"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnold Paintsil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-3609","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088996551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00757169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel-production","display_name":"biodiesel production","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transesterification","display_name":"transesterification","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-fatty-acids","display_name":"free fatty acids","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-carbonate-catalyst","display_name":"potassium carbonate catalyst","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol-to-oil-molar-ratio","display_name":"methanol to oil molar ratio","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-temperature","display_name":"reaction temperature","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stirring-speed","display_name":"stirring speed","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time-chemistry","display_name":"reaction time (chemistry)","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plackett-burman-design","display_name":"Plackett-Burman design","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/box-behnken-design","display_name":"Box-Behnken design","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linoleic-acid","display_name":"linoleic acid","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777241282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576","display_name":"Transesterification","level":3,"score":0.873668372631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66910140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957","display_name":"Biodiesel production","level":4,"score":0.6921671032905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.6823309063911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5991755127906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4732913374900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3957338035106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3852502107620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2674452066421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21407994627952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.19676950573921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12656822800636292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1243090033531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.12132120132446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-3040","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/26994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/26994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:97736067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3040&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7811999917030334,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1683385550","https://openalex.org/W1963810724","https://openalex.org/W1972826321","https://openalex.org/W1974799937","https://openalex.org/W2041440691","https://openalex.org/W2041806583","https://openalex.org/W2049543021","https://openalex.org/W2068852863","https://openalex.org/W2092091952","https://openalex.org/W2159959568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594103992","https://openalex.org/W2402667243","https://openalex.org/W1981150894","https://openalex.org/W1898632137","https://openalex.org/W1979946965","https://openalex.org/W2029051015","https://openalex.org/W4211016414","https://openalex.org/W2036091410","https://openalex.org/W2904592681","https://openalex.org/W2308638511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,93,168],"present":[1],"research":[2],"examines":[3],"solely":[4],"the":[5,9,18,28,35,96,104,109,116,119,126,130,134,139,142,154,160,165,171,174],"transesterification":[6],"stage":[7,24],"of":[8,20,37,51,98,118,132,144,156,162,182],"biodiesel":[10,21,133],"production":[11],"process.":[12],"Six":[13],"process":[14,74],"variables":[15],"that":[16,125],"affect":[17],"yield":[19,131,172,194],"at":[22,82,95,218],"this":[23],"are":[25,101],"examined":[26],"using":[27,180],"12":[29],"run":[30],"Plackett-Burman":[31,233],"Design.":[32],"To":[33],"study":[34],"effect":[36],"FFA[1]":[38],"and":[39,59,80,89,103,136,164,173,185,214,221],"to":[40,62,205,227],"replicate":[41],"real":[42],"life":[43],"situations":[44],"where":[45],"oil":[46,67,91],"(feedstock)":[47],"contain":[48],"varying":[49,83],"amounts":[50],"FFA,":[52,209],"linoleic":[53],"acid":[54,65],"is":[55,75],"used":[56],"as":[57],"FFA":[58,127,225],"intentionally":[60],"added":[61],"high":[63],"oleic":[64],"canola":[66],"containing":[68],"less":[69],"than":[70,196],"0.07%":[71],"FFA.":[72],"catalyzed":[76],"with":[77,108],"potassium":[78],"carbonate":[79],"evaluated":[81],"temperatures,":[84],"stirring":[85,166,212],"rates,":[86],"reaction":[87,204],"times":[88],"methanol":[90],"ratios.":[92],"yields":[94],"end":[97,117],"these":[99],"reactions":[100],"measured":[102],"active":[105],"factors":[106,177],"determined":[107,179],"PB[2]":[110],"design":[111],"in":[112,152],"Minitab":[113],"software.":[114],"At":[115],"experimental":[120],"design,":[121],"it":[122],"was":[123,149,178,198],"found":[124,199],"amount":[128,155,161],"affects":[129],"most":[135],"methanol-oil":[137,223],"ratio":[138],"least":[140],"for":[141,191,200],"range":[143],"values":[145],"studied.\\nThe":[146],"Box-Behnken":[147],"method":[148],"then":[150],"applied":[151],"optimising":[153],"free":[157],"fatty":[158],"acid,":[159],"catalyst":[163,217],"speed.":[167],"relationship":[169],"between":[170],"three":[175],"(3)":[176],"analysis":[181],"variance":[183],"(ANOVA)":[184],"subsequently":[186],"optimised.\\nThe":[187],"optimised":[188],"factor":[189],"combination":[190],"a":[192,201],"percentage":[193],"greater":[195],"98%":[197],"1":[202],"hour":[203],"be":[206],"0.5":[207],"g":[208,216],"400":[210],"rpm":[211],"speed":[213],"4":[215],"60\u02daC":[219],"temperature":[220],"6:1":[222],"ratio.\\n[1]":[224],"refers":[226],"Free":[228],"Fatty":[229],"Acid\\n[2]":[230],"PB":[231],"=":[232],"Design":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}