{"id":"https://openalex.org/W97667272","doi":null,"title":"2 WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA","display_name":"2 WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W97667272","mag":"97667272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:97667272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.peacewomen.org/assets/file/Resources/NGO/hr_womenrightsmorocco_fh_mar2010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062645981","display_name":"Sanja Kelly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanja Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031687272","display_name":"Julia Breslin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Breslin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":60.261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99810558,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13379","display_name":"Multiculturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13379","display_name":"Multiculturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14238","display_name":"Historical Gender and Feminism Studies","score":0.03449999913573265,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-rights","display_name":"women's rights","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanon","display_name":"Lebanon","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-suffrage","display_name":"women's suffrage","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-movement","display_name":"women's movement","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-political-representation","display_name":"women's political representation","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cedaw","display_name":"CEDAW","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-rights-activism","display_name":"women's rights activism","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.6725106835365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6542460918426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185387","display_name":"Suffrage","level":3,"score":0.6381407380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.6012163162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5940653681755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5633249282836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5615334510803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5469304919242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46897944808006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780169623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191296","display_name":"Bill of rights","level":3,"score":0.459416925907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4142836332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:97667272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.peacewomen.org/assets/file/Resources/NGO/hr_womenrightsmorocco_fh_mar2010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5962262","https://openalex.org/W809585034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037794577","https://openalex.org/W7219397684","https://openalex.org/W2573699071","https://openalex.org/W2899003567","https://openalex.org/W2765271997","https://openalex.org/W2913902688","https://openalex.org/W4410659628","https://openalex.org/W3091414003","https://openalex.org/W4290998403","https://openalex.org/W2905088734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2605rights.":[0],"The":[1,155,185,226,272],"French":[2,54],"mandate":[3],"authorities,":[4,10],"in":[5,21,71,76,90,128,138,141,152,224,257],"agreement":[6],"with":[7,69],"the":[8,22,26,33,45,48,53,62,81,84,95,109,122,142,145,162,182,190,203,211,214,229,232,242,245,250,267,275,281,302],"Lebanese":[9,19,110,119,237],"included":[11],"equal":[12],"civil":[13,164],"and":[14,73,117,126,173,192,249,259,264],"political":[15],"rights":[16,42],"for":[17,50,78,236,266,299],"all":[18,118],"citizens":[20],"1926":[23],"constitution.":[24],"However,":[25],"election":[27],"law":[28],"did":[29,135],"not":[30,105,136],"give":[31],"women":[32,67,120],"right":[34,123],"to":[35,124,171,177,198,240,260],"vote,":[36],"prompting":[37],"new":[38],"protests":[39],"by":[40,161,181,280],"women\u2019s":[41,56,96,139,156,195],"activists.":[43],"With":[44],"emergence":[46],"of":[47,205,216,219,244,247,269,274,285,301],"campaign":[49],"independence":[51,79,85],"from":[52,98,149],"mandate,":[55],"suffrage":[57],"lost":[58],"its":[59,100],"importance":[60],"on":[61,202,213,255],"national":[63,262],"front.":[64],"In":[65],"stead,":[66],"joined":[68],"men":[70],"organizing":[72],"taking":[74],"part":[75],"demonstrations":[77],"across":[80],"country.":[82],"After":[83],"was":[86,104,113,158,187,278],"fi":[87],"nally":[88],"achieved":[89],"1943,":[91],"sectarian":[92],"discord":[93],"kept":[94],"movement":[97,157,186],"regaining":[99],"previous":[101],"momentum.":[102],"It":[103],"until":[106,144],"1953":[107],"that":[108],"Women\u2019s":[111],"Council":[112],"offi":[114],"cially":[115],"established,":[116],"received":[121],"vote":[125],"run":[127],"elections":[129],"as":[130,166,296],"candidates.":[131],"1":[132],"This":[133],"achievement":[134],"result":[137],"representation":[140],"parliament":[143],"early":[146],"1990s,":[147],"apart":[148],"one":[150],"exception":[151],"1963.":[153],"2":[154],"also":[159],"derailed":[160],"1975\u201390":[163],"war,":[165,191],"activists":[167],"shifted":[168],"their":[169,200],"focus":[170],"social":[172],"relief":[174],"services,":[175],"helping":[176],"fithe":[178],"gap":[179],"left":[180],"shattered":[183],"state.":[184],"revived":[188],"after":[189],"newly":[193],"created":[194],"networks":[196],"began":[197],"concentrate":[199],"efforts":[201],"reform":[204],"discriminatory":[206],"laws.":[207],"Lebanon":[208],"ratifi":[209],"ed":[210],"Convention":[212],"Elimination":[215],"All":[217],"Forms":[218],"Discrimination":[220],"against":[221],"Women":[222,238,256],"(CEDAW)":[223],"1997.":[225],"following":[227],"year,":[228],"government":[230],"formed":[231],"National":[233],"Com":[234],"mission":[235],"(NCLW)":[239],"oversee":[241],"implementation":[243],"goals":[246],"CEDAW":[248],"1995":[251],"Fourth":[252],"World":[253],"Conference":[254],"Beijing,":[258],"develop":[261],"strategies":[263],"programs":[265],"empowerment":[268],"women.":[270],"3":[271],"end":[273],"Syrian":[276],"occupation":[277],"precipitated":[279],"February":[282],"2005":[283],"assassination":[284],"Rafi":[286],"c":[287],"Hariri,":[288],"who":[289],"had":[290],"overseen":[291],"Lebanon\u2019s":[292],"reconstruction":[293],"while":[294],"serving":[295],"prime":[297],"minister":[298],"most":[300],"postwar":[303],"period.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}