{"id":"https://openalex.org/W97282109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","title":"Drug Interactions with Oral Contraceptives","display_name":"Drug Interactions with Oral Contraceptives","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W97282109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","mag":"97282109","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3519141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808602000504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110054982","display_name":"P F D\u2019Arcy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. F. D'Arcy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110054982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79310345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"353","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.5098000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.5098000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.47119998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-contraceptives","display_name":"oral contraceptives","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-interactions","display_name":"drug interactions","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-failure","display_name":"contraceptive failure","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ovulation-inhibition","display_name":"ovulation inhibition","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-inhibition","display_name":"enzyme inhibition","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rifampicin","display_name":"rifampicin","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenytoin","display_name":"phenytoin","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenobarbital","display_name":"phenobarbital","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetracycline","display_name":"tetracycline","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterohepatic-circulation","display_name":"enterohepatic circulation","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticoagulants","display_name":"anticoagulants","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-blockers","display_name":"beta-blockers","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricyclic-antidepressants","display_name":"tricyclic antidepressants","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thromboembolism","display_name":"thromboembolism","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-retention","display_name":"water retention","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetogenic-effect","display_name":"diabetogenic effect","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.776084303855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777992146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420383","display_name":"Primidone","level":4,"score":0.7561815977096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81603835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457430","display_name":"Pill","level":2,"score":0.5422376990318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5319785475730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5169769525527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777902738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268495","display_name":"Breakthrough bleeding","level":5,"score":0.5133082270622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.4479875862598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.41686922311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.40740707516670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778337148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410400","display_name":"Phenytoin","level":3,"score":0.3868643343448639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.3028038740158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22547122836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.0885857343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001667","descriptor_name":"Binding, Competitive","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003278","descriptor_name":"Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004790","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Induction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004791","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007408","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Absorption","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011955","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Drug","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808602000504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3519141","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3519141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94133134","https://openalex.org/W141897128","https://openalex.org/W1757343657","https://openalex.org/W1775964807","https://openalex.org/W1840193583","https://openalex.org/W1929728303","https://openalex.org/W1964884079","https://openalex.org/W1966447707","https://openalex.org/W1969399021","https://openalex.org/W1974270116","https://openalex.org/W1975725771","https://openalex.org/W1977980607","https://openalex.org/W1978536144","https://openalex.org/W1979760279","https://openalex.org/W1982069935","https://openalex.org/W1983182797","https://openalex.org/W1985585082","https://openalex.org/W1986667412","https://openalex.org/W1992083470","https://openalex.org/W1993579386","https://openalex.org/W1996249056","https://openalex.org/W1996388383","https://openalex.org/W2001107663","https://openalex.org/W2008777875","https://openalex.org/W2010098219","https://openalex.org/W2013765695","https://openalex.org/W2013886882","https://openalex.org/W2019355072","https://openalex.org/W2022167440","https://openalex.org/W2023488046","https://openalex.org/W2024705541","https://openalex.org/W2026224538","https://openalex.org/W2031938994","https://openalex.org/W2033022571","https://openalex.org/W2035863172","https://openalex.org/W2035898232","https://openalex.org/W2037313363","https://openalex.org/W2039804335","https://openalex.org/W2043370343","https://openalex.org/W2044363916","https://openalex.org/W2044967813","https://openalex.org/W2049575463","https://openalex.org/W2054956798","https://openalex.org/W2056939792","https://openalex.org/W2059247032","https://openalex.org/W2060729333","https://openalex.org/W2068544716","https://openalex.org/W2069918767","https://openalex.org/W2073561049","https://openalex.org/W2077782306","https://openalex.org/W2079146416","https://openalex.org/W2079455448","https://openalex.org/W2091538978","https://openalex.org/W2097630594","https://openalex.org/W2113626910","https://openalex.org/W2144434667","https://openalex.org/W2154887117","https://openalex.org/W2162247214","https://openalex.org/W2172230201","https://openalex.org/W2200806248","https://openalex.org/W2274085536","https://openalex.org/W2274983143","https://openalex.org/W2275293449","https://openalex.org/W2293125116","https://openalex.org/W2303726387","https://openalex.org/W2398486860","https://openalex.org/W2410841073","https://openalex.org/W4232258369","https://openalex.org/W4244831220","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635396016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092214166","https://openalex.org/W2079146416","https://openalex.org/W203300423","https://openalex.org/W2209388127","https://openalex.org/W2293392434","https://openalex.org/W4301798469","https://openalex.org/W4302046523","https://openalex.org/W2418656864","https://openalex.org/W2280989290","https://openalex.org/W1984741010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,13,19,26,37,40,53,64,110,125,146,168,171,183,186,193],"very":[2],"rare":[3],"cases":[4],"where":[5],"a":[6],"pregnancy":[7],"occurs":[8],"during":[9],"oral":[10,119,147,227],"contraceptive":[11,47,75,114,120,187],"use,":[12],"blame":[14],"is":[15,42,55,190,229],"usually":[16],"laid":[17],"against":[18],"patient":[20,38,54],"for":[21],"having":[22,84],"forgotten":[23],"to":[24,31,33,79,181],"take":[25],"pill.":[27],"Evidence":[28],"has":[29],"started":[30],"accumulate":[32],"suggest":[34],"that":[35,161,192],"neither":[36],"nor":[39],"pill":[41,65],"at":[43],"fault":[44],"in":[45,143,201,231],"some":[46,89],"failures.":[48],"It":[49,189],"may":[50,61,104,122,156],"be":[51,62,179,199],"because":[52],"taking":[56],"other":[57,132],"medicines":[58],"and":[59,93,98,127,140,165,215],"these":[60],"preventing":[63],"from":[66],"suppressing":[67],"ovulation.":[68],"Most":[69],"drug":[70],"interactions":[71,225],"reducing":[72],"or":[73],"negating":[74],"activity":[76,87,129],"are":[77,149],"due":[78],"concomitant":[80],"use":[81],"of":[82,109,113,130,170,175,185,195,203,206,219,224],"drugs":[83,133,160],"microsomal":[85],"enzyme-inducing":[86],"(e.g.,":[88,102,134],"antibiotics,":[90],"especially":[91],"rifampicin,":[92],"anticonvulsants,":[94],"including":[95,209],"phenobarbital,":[96],"phenytoin,":[97],"primidone.":[99],"Other":[100],"antibiotics":[101],"tetracycline)":[103],"also":[105,157],"interact":[106,158],"by":[107],"interruption":[108],"enterohepatic":[111],"circulation":[112],"steroids.":[115,188],"Less":[116],"well":[117],"appreciated,":[118],"steroids":[121,155],"themselves":[123],"modify":[124],"metabolism":[126,169],"pharmacological":[128],"various":[131],"anticoagulants,":[135],"benzodiazepines,":[136],"beta-blockers,":[137],"caffeine,":[138],"corticosteroids,":[139],"tricyclic":[141],"antidepressants);":[142],"this":[144,166,176],"respect":[145],"contraceptives":[148,228],"acting":[150],"as":[151],"enzyme":[152,163],"inhibitors.":[153],"Contraceptive":[154],"with":[159,226],"cause":[162],"inhibition":[164],"delays":[167],"hormonal":[172],"agents.":[173],"Interactions":[174],"type":[177],"would":[178],"expected":[180],"potentiate":[182],"action":[184],"suggested":[191],"effects":[194],"such":[196],"interaction":[197],"might":[198],"presented":[200,230],"terms":[202],"increased":[204,217],"incidence":[205],"side":[207],"effects,":[208,213],"water":[210],"retention,":[211],"diabetogenic":[212],"hypertension,":[214],"an":[216],"risk":[218],"thromboembolic":[220],"disorders.":[221],"The":[222],"spectrum":[223],"three":[232],"tables.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}