{"id":"https://openalex.org/W9602492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","title":"Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in humans: comparison with alternative methods, and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass","display_name":"Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in humans: comparison with alternative methods, and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W9602492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","mag":"9602492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1320550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1042/cs0820687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206649051","display_name":"Clinical Science","issn_l":"0143-5221","issn":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311608","host_organization_name":"Portland Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311608","https://openalex.org/P4310311715"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Portland Press","Biochemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W9602492"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103136215","display_name":"Nigel J. Fuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-9378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-9378"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. J. Fuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051779148","display_name":"Susan Ann Jebb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-2920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-2920"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Jebb","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111871801","display_name":"M. Ann Laskey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156194","display_name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055vbxf86","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Laskey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110229938","display_name":"W. Andrew Coward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. A. Coward","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108570755","display_name":"Marinos Elia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Elia","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":404,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95392352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"6","first_page":"687","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-component-model","display_name":"four-component model","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry","display_name":"dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deuterium-dilution","display_name":"deuterium dilution","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/densitometry","display_name":"densitometry","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioimpedance","display_name":"bioimpedance","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skinfold-thickness","display_name":"skinfold thickness","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-interactance","display_name":"near-infrared interactance","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediction-equations","display_name":"prediction equations","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-adults","display_name":"healthy adults","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-mass-estimation","display_name":"fat mass estimation","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992755834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116368","display_name":"Fat free mass","level":4,"score":0.8682132363319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.770855188369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.643499493598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993503589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193583","display_name":"Fat mass","level":3,"score":0.5112509727478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.4308108985424042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38613981008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26639625430107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.264886736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.23027729988098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21841058135032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1259232759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10131922364234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004553","descriptor_name":"Electric Conductivity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011865","descriptor_name":"Radioisotope Dilution Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012885","descriptor_name":"Skinfold Thickness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015502","descriptor_name":"Absorptiometry, Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1042/cs0820687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0820687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206649051","display_name":"Clinical Science","issn_l":"0143-5221","issn":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311608","host_organization_name":"Portland Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311608","https://openalex.org/P4310311715"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Portland Press","Biochemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1320550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1320550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical science (London, England : 1979)","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299588161","https://openalex.org/W564994330","https://openalex.org/W767421218","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2045384407","https://openalex.org/W2075835865","https://openalex.org/W2081610069","https://openalex.org/W2090646207","https://openalex.org/W2104437723","https://openalex.org/W2116803755","https://openalex.org/W2119057112","https://openalex.org/W2123977609","https://openalex.org/W2133406706","https://openalex.org/W2158750267","https://openalex.org/W2288774297","https://openalex.org/W2306388708","https://openalex.org/W2402659891","https://openalex.org/W2593366827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413742875","https://openalex.org/W2143126104","https://openalex.org/W2161689383","https://openalex.org/W2885594499","https://openalex.org/W1848964537","https://openalex.org/W4206815450","https://openalex.org/W2129579289","https://openalex.org/W2112160795","https://openalex.org/W1974228364","https://openalex.org/W1863087479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"Body":[1],"composition":[2,43,173,265],"was":[3,60,102,141,155,197,212,295],"assessed":[4],"in":[5,266,281,326],"28":[6],"healthy":[7,268],"subjects":[8],"(body":[9],"mass":[10,35,76,140,196,211,280,306],"index":[11],"20\u201328":[12],"kg/m2)":[13],"by":[14,62,98,109,116,123,243],"dual-energy":[15],"X-ray":[16,165,250],"absorptiometry,":[17],"deuterium":[18,117,180],"dilution,":[19,118],"densitometry,":[20,124],"40K":[21],"counting":[22],"and":[23,33,38,70,122,135,145,161,169,206,226,237,290,347],"four":[24],"prediction":[25,338],"methods":[26,56,154,339],"(skinfold":[27],"thickness,":[28,336],"bioelectrical":[29],"impedance,":[30],"near-i.r.":[31],"interactance":[32],"body":[34,42,172,264],"index).":[36],"Three-":[37],"four-component":[39,100,170,238,349],"models":[40,239],"of":[41,48,54,64,66,73,83,89,94,132,138,183,194,209,263,277,334],"were":[44,57,77],"constructed":[45],"from":[46,246],"combinations":[47],"the":[49,74,81,84,87,92,99,110,130,133,207,235,261,278,291,304,331,345,348],"reference":[50,153,160],"methods.":[51,163],"The":[52,68,150,191,231,270],"results":[53,232],"all":[55],"compared.":[58],"Precision":[59,128],"evaluated":[61],"analysis":[63],"propagation":[65,88],"errors.":[67],"density":[69,134,208,276],"hydration":[71,136,192,293],"fraction":[72,137,193,294],"fat-free":[75,139,195,210,279,305],"determined.":[78],"2.":[79],"From":[80],"precision":[82],"basic":[85],"measurements,":[86],"errors":[90,244],"for":[91,129,228,260,275],"estimation":[93],"fat":[95],"(\u00b1":[96],"sd)":[97],"model":[101,171],"found":[103],"to":[104,199,254,287,297,303,319,324],"be":[105,200,255,288,317],"\u00b1":[106,113,119,125,142,146,202,214],"0.54":[107],"kg,":[108,115,121],"three-component":[111],"model,":[112],"0.49":[114],"0.62":[120],"0.78":[126],"kg.":[127],"measurement":[131],"0.0020":[143],"kg/l":[144],"0.0066,":[147],"respectively.":[148],"3.":[149],"agreement":[151,342],"between":[152,159,224],"generally":[156,301],"better":[157],"than":[158,177],"alternative":[162,258],"Dual-energy":[164,249],"absoptiometry":[166],"predicted":[167],"three-":[168,236,346],"slightly":[174],"less":[175],"well":[176],"densitometry":[178,283],"or":[179],"dilution":[181],"(both":[182],"which":[184,299],"greatly":[185],"influence":[186],"these":[187,267,313],"multi-component":[188],"models).":[189],"4.":[190],"calculated":[198],"0.7382":[201],"0.0213":[203],"(range":[204,217],"0.6941\u20130.7837)":[205],"1.1015":[213],"0.0073":[215],"kg/1":[216],"1.0795\u20131.1110":[218],"kg/1),":[219],"with":[220,321,330,343],"no":[221],"significant":[222],"difference":[223],"men":[225],"women":[227],"either.":[229],"5.":[230],"suggest":[233],"that":[234],"are":[240,300],"not":[241],"compromised":[242],"arising":[245],"individual":[247],"techniques.":[248],"absorptiometry":[251],"would":[252],"appear":[253],"a":[256],"suitable":[257],"method":[259],"assessment":[262],"adults.":[269],"traditional":[271],"mean":[272,292,314],"value":[273],"assumed":[274],"classic":[282],"(1.1":[284],"kg/l)":[285],"appears":[286],"appropriate,":[289],"close":[296],"values":[298,315],"applied":[302,318],"(0.72\u20130.73).":[307],"Despite":[308],"concealing":[309],"considerable":[310],"inter-individual":[311],"variation,":[312],"may":[316],"groups":[320],"characteristics":[322],"similar":[323],"those":[325],"this":[327],"study.":[328],"Finally,":[329],"notable":[332],"exception":[333],"skinfold":[335],"bedside":[337],"show":[340],"poor":[341],"both":[344],"models.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}