{"id":"https://openalex.org/W95474182","doi":null,"title":"Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus type III. 1944.","display_name":"Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus type III. 1944.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W95474182","mag":"95474182","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8521292","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2229990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2229990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2229990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2229990","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048518209","display_name":"Oswald T. Avery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093632","display_name":"Rockefeller University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjq6q61","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O T Avery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058061091","display_name":"Colin M. MacLeod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-7362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-7362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093632","display_name":"Rockefeller University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjq6q61","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M MacLeod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109180096","display_name":"Maclyn McCarty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093632","display_name":"Rockefeller University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjq6q61","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M McCarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093632"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00900592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"344","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.5684000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.5684000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.23119999468326569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11688","display_name":"Microbial infections and disease research","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-transformation","display_name":"pneumococcal transformation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-pneumoniae","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","score":0.8659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6173506379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909950174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"Desoxyribonucleic acid","level":3,"score":0.6171722412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67082663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523816","display_name":"Molecular medicine","level":4,"score":0.48999276757240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.48031988739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781253189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221179","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","level":3,"score":0.42702239751815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3916867673397064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3914479613304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3865673542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3664068579673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2578616142272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.24519160389900208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.21077868342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20423495769500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.10099095106124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.10033905506134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004269","descriptor_name":"DNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013296","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014169","descriptor_name":"Transformation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2229990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2229990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8521292","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8521292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"mag:95474182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8521292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2229990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2229990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14088623","https://openalex.org/W96079053","https://openalex.org/W153437453","https://openalex.org/W581614482","https://openalex.org/W606945120","https://openalex.org/W630976902","https://openalex.org/W1552069334","https://openalex.org/W1995136541","https://openalex.org/W2096889654","https://openalex.org/W2104305561","https://openalex.org/W2128988576","https://openalex.org/W2161971785","https://openalex.org/W2167243013","https://openalex.org/W2202770826","https://openalex.org/W2329278696","https://openalex.org/W2342958965","https://openalex.org/W2626653631","https://openalex.org/W2729839412","https://openalex.org/W3011341309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213137185","https://openalex.org/W7005765511","https://openalex.org/W1514574893","https://openalex.org/W2167435540","https://openalex.org/W3088617764","https://openalex.org/W7096881838","https://openalex.org/W4255300283","https://openalex.org/W7096715289","https://openalex.org/W7097130255","https://openalex.org/W619766882"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}