{"id":"https://openalex.org/W95444837","doi":null,"title":"Significance of natural aquifers in underground coal gasification. [23 refs]","display_name":"Significance of natural aquifers in underground coal gasification. [23 refs]","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W95444837","mag":"95444837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:95444837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7096871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109471854","display_name":"Robert D. Gunn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.D. Gunn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041128608","display_name":"D.D. Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103870934","display_name":"David L. Whitman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Whitman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10756041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underground-coal-gasification","display_name":"underground coal gasification","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-intrusion","display_name":"groundwater intrusion","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-modeling","display_name":"mathematical modeling","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design","display_name":"engineering design","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6794464588165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.62975013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5223051905632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42387112975120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3897835612297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3670639991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12730732560157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:95444837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7096871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139880962","https://openalex.org/W178714575","https://openalex.org/W2106607030","https://openalex.org/W2031080652","https://openalex.org/W1972911403","https://openalex.org/W1992387681","https://openalex.org/W1802322613","https://openalex.org/W2737918899","https://openalex.org/W4417165369","https://openalex.org/W2728219647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"in":[1,18,69,96,159],"the":[2,11,16,19,34,37,49,55,70,100,120,124,129,142,145,150,157],"field":[3,81,93,111,134],"of":[4,10,13,33,36,48,54,72,86,110,119,123,144,147,156,166],"UCG":[5,151],"poses":[6],"unique":[7],"problems":[8],"because":[9,32],"impossibility":[12],"completely":[14],"simulating":[15],"process":[17,56],"laboratory.":[20],"Field":[21],"tests":[22,112],"are":[23],"by":[24],"necessity":[25],"large-scale":[26],"undertakings":[27],"and":[28,51,68,113],"instrumentation":[29],"is":[30,90],"expensive":[31],"remoteness":[35],"reaction":[38],"zone.":[39],"Under":[40],"conditions":[41],"such":[42,87],"as":[43],"these":[44],"a":[45,63,73,88,108,164],"theoretical":[46,154],"understanding":[47,155],"physical":[50],"chemical":[52],"nature":[53],"plays":[57],"an":[58,117],"especially":[59],"important":[60],"role.":[61],"Such":[62],"theory":[64],"has":[65,76,161],"been":[66,77,137],"developed,":[67],"form":[71],"mathematical":[74,125],"model":[75,89],"widely":[78],"validated":[79],"with":[80,107,139],"test":[82,94,135],"results.":[83],"The":[84],"purpose":[85],"to":[91,98,141,163],"interpret":[92],"data":[95,127],"order":[97],"acquire":[99],"information":[101],"needed":[102],"for":[103],"reliable":[104],"engineering":[105],"design":[106],"minimum":[109],"costly":[114],"instrumentation.":[115],"As":[116],"example":[118],"useful":[121],"application":[122],"model,":[126],"from":[128],"Phase":[130],"III,":[131],"Hanna":[132],"II":[133],"have":[136],"analyzed":[138],"respect":[140],"effects":[143],"intrusion":[146],"groundwater":[148],"on":[149],"process.":[152],"A":[153],"problem":[158],"turn":[160],"led":[162],"number":[165],"potential":[167],"remedies.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}