{"id":"https://openalex.org/W94824414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","title":"Natural Disasters as Focusing Events: Policy Communities and Political Response","display_name":"Natural Disasters as Focusing Events: Policy Communities and Political Response","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W94824414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","mag":"94824414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/028072709601400204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764510807","display_name":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters","issn_l":"0280-7270","issn":["0280-7270","2753-5703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies &amp; Disasters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023702986","display_name":"Thomas A. Birkland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-8471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-8471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Birkland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Public Affairs State University of New York Albany, NY 12222"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Public Affairs State University of New York Albany, NY 12222","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023702986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89746561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"221","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12210","display_name":"Policy Transfer and Learning","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disasters","display_name":"natural disasters","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focusing-events","display_name":"focusing events","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-policy","display_name":"disaster policy","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-communities","display_name":"policy communities","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/news-media-attention","display_name":"news media attention","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-disaster-policy","display_name":"federal disaster policy","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congressional-testimony","display_name":"congressional testimony","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-community","display_name":"professional community","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7057578563690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.6784655451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5388784408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020009124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156854","display_name":"Policy making","level":2,"score":0.4939270615577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4434954524040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.4375998079776764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020077191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16422","display_name":"Hurricane katrina","level":3,"score":0.4313584566116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.41577214002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4038875699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3743985891342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3213408291339874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2636738419532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15572085976600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14061063528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09027674794197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.06561526656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06477850675582886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/028072709601400204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764510807","display_name":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters","issn_l":"0280-7270","issn":["0280-7270","2753-5703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies &amp; Disasters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620894715","https://openalex.org/W1566998961","https://openalex.org/W1598035905","https://openalex.org/W1990281285","https://openalex.org/W2048287286","https://openalex.org/W2062962096","https://openalex.org/W2089007788","https://openalex.org/W2090255830","https://openalex.org/W2106352077","https://openalex.org/W2169477876","https://openalex.org/W2335236315","https://openalex.org/W2737407720","https://openalex.org/W3036674917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047110533","https://openalex.org/W2003836249","https://openalex.org/W2586273303","https://openalex.org/W2344816693","https://openalex.org/W2029730472","https://openalex.org/W2092089580","https://openalex.org/W2736454896","https://openalex.org/W2985673276","https://openalex.org/W2207903181","https://openalex.org/W3197460460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"explains":[2],"how":[3,23],"large":[4],"hurricanes":[5],"and":[6,29,56,76,95],"earthquakes":[7],"influence":[8],"Congressional":[9],"agenda":[10],"activity.":[11],"By":[12],"understanding":[13],"these":[14,36,72,133],"events":[15,43],"as":[16],"focusing":[17,42],"events,":[18],"we":[19],"can":[20],"better":[21],"appreciate":[22],"they":[24],"induce":[25],"the":[26,39,54,63,78,81,87,93,96,99],"news":[27],"media":[28],"Congress":[30],"to":[31,35,70,113],"be":[32],"more":[33],"attentive":[34],"disasters.":[37],"While":[38],"theory":[40],"of":[41,80,89,98,132],"outlined":[44],"here":[45],"is":[46,74,117],"broadly":[47],"supported,":[48],"considerable":[49],"differences":[50,60,111,134],"are":[51,103,135],"found":[52],"between":[53],"hurricane":[55,127],"earthquake":[57,122],"fields.":[58],"These":[59,110],"turn":[61],"on":[62],"political":[64],"environment":[65],"in":[66,106,121,126],"which":[67],"federal":[68,119],"policy":[69,85,108,123,130],"address":[71],"disasters":[73],"made,":[75],"include":[77],"nature":[79,88,97],"committees":[82],"charged":[83],"with":[84],"making,":[86],"testimony":[90],"offered":[91],"before":[92],"committees,":[94],"professional":[100],"communities":[101],"that":[102],"most":[104],"active":[105],"this":[107],"making.":[109],"help":[112],"explain":[114],"why":[115],"there":[116],"greater":[118],"involvement":[120],"making":[124],"than":[125],"policy.":[128],"The":[129],"implications":[131],"considered.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
