{"id":"https://openalex.org/W94161101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7203/qfilologia.10.5083","title":"PRUDENCE, PRECISION, AND POLITENESS: HEDGES IN ACADEMIC WRITING","display_name":"PRUDENCE, PRECISION, AND POLITENESS: HEDGES IN ACADEMIC WRITING","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W94161101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7203/qfilologia.10.5083","mag":"94161101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/30033","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400245","display_name":"Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070232458","display_name":"Ken Hyland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-8355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-8355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Hyland","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-8355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070232458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04363387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"99","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12119","display_name":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hedges","display_name":"hedges","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-writing","display_name":"academic writing","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadiscourse","display_name":"metadiscourse","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation","display_name":"evaluation","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appraisal","display_name":"appraisal","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stance","display_name":"stance","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tentativeness","display_name":"tentativeness","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/author-reader-relationship","display_name":"author-reader relationship","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasion","display_name":"persuasion","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-papers","display_name":"research papers","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6552116870880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.587960422039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.5415610671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165788","display_name":"Prudence","level":2,"score":0.4451867938041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3762211203575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3462142050266266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3131175637245178}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/30033","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400245","display_name":"Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7aa62ec4590c46cb8d5b8f99a2c35542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7203/qfilologia.10.5083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7aa62ec4590c46cb8d5b8f99a2c35542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quaderns de Filologia: Estudis Ling\u00fc\u00edstics, Vol 10 (2005)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:94161101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7203/qfilologia.10.5083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://mobiroderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/30033/99.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/30033","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10550/30033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400245","display_name":"Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W94161101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W94161101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24179518","https://openalex.org/W35470346","https://openalex.org/W1604749688","https://openalex.org/W1981594564","https://openalex.org/W1996250712","https://openalex.org/W2028973272","https://openalex.org/W2030986807","https://openalex.org/W2037141123","https://openalex.org/W2066183922","https://openalex.org/W2067882184","https://openalex.org/W2072623593","https://openalex.org/W2082550766","https://openalex.org/W2086677051","https://openalex.org/W2091509179","https://openalex.org/W2163299928","https://openalex.org/W2753533763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359391634","https://openalex.org/W104424793","https://openalex.org/W2392146693","https://openalex.org/W2042543631","https://openalex.org/W2389069060","https://openalex.org/W2052857729","https://openalex.org/W4388467891","https://openalex.org/W7005763863","https://openalex.org/W2030986807","https://openalex.org/W7170946978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Academic":[0],"knowledge":[1],"is":[2,41],"now":[3],"generally":[4],"recognised":[5],"to":[6,65,99,137,161],"be":[7],"a":[8,14,25,28,42,48,141,184,189,194],"social":[9,55],"accomplishment,":[10],"the":[11,38,67,109,130,138,148],"outcome":[12],"of":[13,51,69,111,129,140,172,193],"cultural":[15],"activity":[16],"shaped":[17],"by":[18,22,150],"ideology":[19],"and":[20,27,54,76,93,123,127,155,157,196,202],"constituted":[21],"agreement":[23],"between":[24],"writer":[26],"potentially":[29],"skeptical":[30],"discourse":[31],"community.A":[32],"substantial":[33],"literature":[34],"has":[35],"shown":[36],"that":[37],"research":[39,71,179],"paper":[40],"rhetorically":[43],"sophisticated":[44],"artifact":[45],"which":[46,151],"displays":[47],"careful":[49],"balance":[50],"factual":[52],"information":[53],"interaction":[56],"(eg.Bazerman,":[57],"1988;Swales,":[58],"1990).Academic":[59],"writers":[60],"do":[61],"not":[62],"only":[63],"need":[64],"make":[66],"results":[68],"their":[70,77,83,135,173],"public,":[72],"but":[73],"also":[74],"persuasive,":[75],"success":[78],"in":[79],"gaining":[80],"acceptance":[81],"for":[82,134,187,197],"work":[84],"at":[85],"least":[86],"partly":[87],"depends":[88],"on":[89],"manipulating":[90],"various":[91],"rhetorical":[92],"interactive":[94],"features.The":[95],"linguistic":[96],"resources":[97],"used":[98],"achieve":[100],"these":[101,175],"interpersonal":[102],"goals":[103],"have":[104],"been":[105],"variously":[106],"described":[107],"under":[108],"headings":[110],"evaluation":[112],"(Hunston":[113],"&":[114],"Thompson,":[115],"2000),":[116,119],"appraisal":[117],"(Martin,":[118],"stance":[120],"(Hyland,":[121],"1999a)":[122],"metadiscourse":[124],"(Crismore,":[125],"1989),":[126],"one":[128],"key":[131],"elements":[132],"examined":[133],"contribution":[136],"negotiation":[139],"successful":[142],"writer-reader":[143],"relationship":[144],"are":[145,147,159,166,183],"hedges.Hedges":[146],"means":[149],"we":[152],"express":[153],"tentativeness":[154],"possibility,":[156],"they":[158],"crucial":[160],"academic":[162],"writing":[163],"where":[164],"statements":[165],"rarely":[167],"made":[168],"without":[169],"subjective":[170],"assessments":[171],"reliability.As":[174],"examples":[176],"taken":[177],"from":[178],"articles":[180],"suggest,":[181],"hedges":[182],"significant":[185],"resource":[186],"anticipating":[188],"reader's":[190],"possible":[191],"rejection":[192],"proposition":[195],"presenting":[198],"claims":[199],"with":[200],"precision":[201],"caution:":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
