{"id":"https://openalex.org/W934480610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","title":"Pretty Tough Sports and the Promotion of Female Empowerment in Young Adult Sports Fiction","display_name":"Pretty Tough Sports and the Promotion of Female Empowerment in Young Adult Sports Fiction","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W934480610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","mag":"934480610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/uni.2015.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123744177","display_name":"The Lion and the Unicorn","issn_l":"0147-2593","issn":["0147-2593","1080-6563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lion and the Unicorn","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020844789","display_name":"Dawn Heinecken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-4568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-4568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Heinecken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Louisville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Louisville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020844789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98062794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12678","display_name":"Themes in Literature Analysis","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12678","display_name":"Themes in Literature Analysis","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14518","display_name":"American Sports and Literature","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postfeminism","display_name":"postfeminism","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/girlhood","display_name":"girlhood","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/girl-power","display_name":"girl power","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-community","display_name":"women's community","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/title-ix","display_name":"Title IX","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-sport","display_name":"gender and sport","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-friendship","display_name":"female friendship","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-identity","display_name":"female identity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-bonding","display_name":"female bonding","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778047097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3031","display_name":"Girl","level":2,"score":0.8288990259170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.5920632481575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.5419848561286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5349847674369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.49854445457458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4756735861301422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.4256998896598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2758677303791046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.2246740162372589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.18605980277061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17417079210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.144801527261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14313095808029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/uni.2015.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123744177","display_name":"The Lion and the Unicorn","issn_l":"0147-2593","issn":["0147-2593","1080-6563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lion and the Unicorn","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/585811","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/585811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178323784","https://openalex.org/W203774875","https://openalex.org/W615085539","https://openalex.org/W946475757","https://openalex.org/W1586438779","https://openalex.org/W1590922782","https://openalex.org/W1611107555","https://openalex.org/W1969895708","https://openalex.org/W1970647968","https://openalex.org/W1990896193","https://openalex.org/W2000138768","https://openalex.org/W2094436695","https://openalex.org/W2110754562","https://openalex.org/W2112399265","https://openalex.org/W2112834142","https://openalex.org/W2222488093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112399265","https://openalex.org/W1969895708","https://openalex.org/W178323784","https://openalex.org/W4300671479","https://openalex.org/W7044093220","https://openalex.org/W7071799790","https://openalex.org/W2937001138","https://openalex.org/W7115946123","https://openalex.org/W4385065022","https://openalex.org/W3122188074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pretty":[0,31,121,243,263,454,476,554,590,601],"Tough":[1,32,122,244,264,455,477,555,591],"Sports":[2,12,456],"and":[3,46,74,148,242,267,351,371,482,489,498,515,528,534,568,582,584,630,651,657,676],"the":[4,30,37,52,61,71,93,116,120,129,178,198,207,217,219,222,225,262,271,279,326,344,363,372,382,386,393,428,439,462,553,572,586,589,640],"Promotion":[5],"of":[6,51,67,86,108,118,132,152,180,189,200,209,224,227,270,288,330,366,374,376,390,414,430,464,600,610,614,642,654,670,683],"Female":[7],"Empowerment":[8],"in":[9,27,43,100,113,177,213,260,282,291,368,378,388,406,451,466,510,645],"Young":[10],"Adult":[11],"Fiction":[13],"Dawn":[14],"Heinecken":[15],"(bio)":[16],"Following":[17],"different":[18],"girl":[19,184,235],"athletes":[20,290],"at":[21,399],"Beachwood":[22],"Academy,":[23],"a":[24,64,84,210,305,479,611,626],"private":[25],"school":[26,417],"Malibu,":[28],"California,":[29],"young":[33,153,272,292,339,435,467,532],"adult":[34,154,293,468],"series":[35,62,94,123,237,266,280,607],"traces":[36],"obstacles":[38],"that":[39,102,138,204,229,277,302,395,445,449,492,618],"teenaged":[40],"girls":[41,332,408,446,465,502,514,537,580,631],"confront":[42],"their":[44,106,335,517,540],"sporting":[45],"personal":[47],"lives.":[48],"While":[49],"each":[50],"six":[53],"novels":[54],"focuses":[55],"on":[56,141,254,596,663],"one":[57],"or":[58,111],"two":[59],"protagonists,":[60],"features":[63],"recurring":[65],"cast":[66],"characters,":[68],"including":[69],"Martie,":[70],"athletic":[72,109],"director,":[73],"various":[75,523],"student":[76],"athletes.":[77,185],"Not":[78],"only":[79],"does":[80],"this":[81,172,250],"structure":[82],"enhance":[83],"sense":[85],"female":[87,146,273,289,352,677],"community":[88],"organized":[89],"around":[90,381],"sports,":[91],"but":[92],"consistently":[95],"depicts":[96],"girls\u2019":[97,135,161,255,643,664],"sports":[98,136,162,236,256,320,336,341,367,380,418,431,452,469,616,624,678],"participation":[99,373,644,679],"ways":[101,284],"counter":[103],"stereotypes":[104],"about":[105,183],"lack":[107,440],"ability":[110],"interest":[112],"sports.":[114],"On":[115],"face":[117],"it,":[119],"signals":[124],"an":[125,175,668],"important":[126],"return":[127],"to":[128,160,170,197,233,249,312,317,385,441,460,472,525,531,535,623,632,637],"progressive":[130],"elements":[131],"early":[133],"twentieth-century":[134],"fiction":[137,257,342],"resisted":[139],"restrictions":[140],"women\u2019s":[142],"physicality":[143],"by":[144,258,299,333,486,565],"emphasizing":[145],"bonding":[147],"camaraderie.":[149],"Although":[150],"scholars":[151],"literature":[155,432],"have":[156],"paid":[157],"little":[158],"attention":[159],"stories,":[163],"some":[164],"recent":[165],"sociological":[166],"research":[167,638],"has":[168,205,230,458,619],"begun":[169],"redress":[171],"deficiency,":[173],"tracking":[174],"increase":[176],"number":[179],"contemporary":[181],"titles":[182],"The":[186,562,598],"2013":[187,407],"study":[188],"Erin":[190],"Whiteside":[191],"et":[192],"al.,":[193],"for":[194,349,434,500,588,621,628],"example,":[195],"attends":[196],"pervasiveness":[199],"\u201cgirl":[201],"power\u201d":[202],"rhetoric":[203],"accompanied":[206],"identification":[208],"cultural":[211,674],"crisis":[212],"\u201cgirlhood":[214],"subjectivity\u201d":[215],"since":[216],"1990s;":[218],"authors":[220],"expose":[221],"flimsiness":[223],"fa\u00e7ade":[226],"\u201cempowerment\u201d":[228],"been":[231],"used":[232],"market":[234],"such":[238],"as":[239,608,625,672,680],"Dairy":[240],"Queen":[241],"(Whiteside).":[245],"This":[246],"essay":[247],"contributes":[248],"emerging":[251],"scholarly":[252],"discourse":[253],"investigating":[259],"detail":[261],"book":[265,556,606],"its":[268,473,550,605],"construction":[269],"athlete.":[274],"It":[275,520],"argues":[276],"while":[278,315],"departs":[281],"significant":[283],"from":[285,667],"most":[286,346],"representations":[287],"fiction,":[294],"these":[295],"advances":[296],"are":[297,447],"undercut":[298],"postfeminist":[300],"framings":[301,323],"render":[303],"athleticism":[304],"positive":[306],"identity":[307],"limited":[308],"[End":[309],"Page":[310],"23]":[311],"privileged":[313],"groups":[314],"failing":[316],"challenge":[318],"masculine":[319],"hegemony.":[321],"Such":[322],"make":[324],"questionable":[325],"series\u2019":[327],"purported":[328],"goal":[329],"empowering":[331],"increasing":[334],"participation.":[337],"Among":[338],"people,":[340],"is":[343,359,478,552,577,585],"third":[345],"popular":[347],"genre":[348],"male":[350,673],"readers":[353],"combined":[354],"(Crowe":[355],"6).":[356],"Its":[357],"popularity":[358],"not":[360,448],"surprising,":[361],"given":[362],"major":[364],"role":[365],"U.S.":[369],"culture":[370],"millions":[375],"adolescents":[377],"competitive":[379,518],"country.":[383],"Due":[384],"passage":[387],"1972":[389],"Title":[391],"IX,":[392],"law":[394],"forbade":[396],"sex":[397],"discrimination":[398],"any":[400],"educational":[401],"institution":[402],"accepting":[403],"federal":[404],"dollars,":[405],"made":[409],"up":[410],"almost":[411],"forty-two":[412],"percent":[413],"all":[415],"high":[416],"participants":[419],"(\u201cHigh":[420],"School":[421],"Sports\u201d).":[422],"Despite":[423],"this,":[424],"Chris":[425],"Crowe":[426],"observes":[427],"paucity":[429],"written":[433,564],"women":[436,629],"(62),":[437],"attributing":[438],"publishers\u2019":[442],"stereotypical":[443],"perception":[444],"interested":[450],"(66).":[453],"LLC":[457],"emerged":[459],"exploit":[461],"absence":[463],"fiction.":[470],"According":[471],"web":[474],"page,":[475],"\u201cpremier":[480],"brand":[481],"media":[483],"property\u201d":[484],"launched":[485],"Jane":[487],"Schonberger":[488],"Alex":[490],"Morency":[491],"provides":[493],"\u201chigh-quality,":[494],"specialty":[495],"content,":[496],"products":[497,509,551],"services":[499],"active":[501],"worldwide,\u201d":[503],"blending":[504],"\u201cpositive":[505],"messages\u201d":[506],"with":[507,522],"\u201centertaining\u201d":[508],"order":[511],"\u201cto":[512,538],"empower":[513],"support":[516],"endeavors.\u201d":[519],"works":[521],"organizations":[524],"promote":[526],"\u201csports":[527],"healthy":[529],"lifestyles":[530],"women\u201d":[533],"inspire":[536],"achieve":[539,633],"goals,":[541],"whatever":[542],"they":[543],"may":[544],"be\u201d":[545],"(\u201cVital":[546],"Stats\u201d).":[547],"Chief":[548],"among":[549],"series,":[557,563,593],"published":[558],"via":[559],"Penguin":[560],"Razorbill.":[561],"Liz":[566],"Tigelaar":[567],"Keri":[569],"Mikulski":[570],"under":[571],"pseudonym":[573],"Nicole":[574],"Leigh":[575],"Shepherd,":[576],"marketed":[578],"toward":[579],"twelve":[581],"over":[583],"basis":[587],"drama":[592],"currently":[594],"streaming":[595],"Hulu.com.":[597],"language":[599],"Tough\u2019s":[602],"marketing":[603],"positions":[604],"part":[609],"broader":[612],"tradition":[613],"feminist":[615],"activism":[617],"fought":[620],"access":[622],"means":[627],"social":[634],"parity.":[635],"Alluding":[636],"documenting":[639],"benefits":[641],"sports\u2014including":[646],"enhanced":[647],"self-esteem,":[648],"academic":[649],"achievement,":[650],"lower":[652],"rates":[653],"depression,":[655],"cancer,":[656],"pregnancy":[658],"(\u201cHer":[659],"Life\u201d":[660],"3\u20134)\u2014its":[661],"focus":[662],"empowerment":[665],"draws":[666],"understanding":[669],"sport":[671],"preserve":[675],"\u201ca":[681],"form":[682],"resistance\u201d":[684],"disturbing":[685],"\u201cmale":[686],"supremacy...":[687]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}