{"id":"https://openalex.org/W9305583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","title":"In Response to: What Is a Grid?","display_name":"In Response to: What Is a Grid?","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W9305583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","mag":"9305583","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18768437","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2528045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/15/5/705/2189344/15-5-705.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/15/5/705/2189344/15-5-705.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046882356","display_name":"Thomas G. Savel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400008888","display_name":"National Center for Public Health Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/00f5trr09","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Savel","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040777053","display_name":"Leslie Andrew Lenert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-5094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-5094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400008888","display_name":"National Center for Public Health Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/00f5trr09","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Lenert","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director, National Center for Public Health Informatics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4400008888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080143974","display_name":"Jonathan C. Silverstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-6039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-6039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Silverstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Computation Institute of The University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL","Computation Institute of The University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Computation Institute of The University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computation Institute of The University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. E. Hall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. E. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["c BearingPoint, Inc., Atlanta, GA","BearingPoint, Inc., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c BearingPoint, Inc., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BearingPoint, Inc., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4332,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4332},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"705","last_page":"706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-computing","display_name":"grid computing","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthgrid","display_name":"HealthGrid","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"distributed computing","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"bioinformatics","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-informatics","display_name":"medical informatics","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminological-ambiguity","display_name":"terminological ambiguity","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computing-power","display_name":"computational power","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-technology-infrastructure","display_name":"health information technology infrastructure","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8298643827438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5731824636459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.5527709722518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5238050222396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.5062426924705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5050414204597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.49881625175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.496207058429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49611005187034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.48941484093666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3897286653518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.26822444796562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2412581741809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18506285548210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14053422212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.14016848802566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11471584439277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009096","descriptor_name":"Multi-Institutional Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/15/5/705/2189344/15-5-705.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2528045","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2528045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:18768437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18768437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":"Comment"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2707","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/15/5/705/2189344/15-5-705.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W9305583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W9305583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1674934897","https://openalex.org/W1939044802","https://openalex.org/W1985362378","https://openalex.org/W2154010459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1939044802","https://openalex.org/W7098458378","https://openalex.org/W2133444916","https://openalex.org/W2329397108","https://openalex.org/W112898989","https://openalex.org/W956532056","https://openalex.org/W4235058962","https://openalex.org/W3003882055","https://openalex.org/W9827821","https://openalex.org/W2057154203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,256,325,340,701,762,1139,1261,1292],"a":[1,96,222,274,279,284,289,294,300,320,346,366,403,411,470,524,546,632,691,771,846,872,925,1030,1062,1067,1078,1093,1112,1150,1188,1326,1337],"recent":[2],"letter":[3],"to":[4,30,85,138,206,225,371,375,391,449,585,591,623,677,694,739,764,788,797,818,906,959,1088,1103,1107,1148,1210,1222,1259,1263,1339,1379,1393],"the":[5,34,56,106,122,134,146,152,160,188,198,207,217,228,231,235,239,243,254,257,263,311,351,358,383,386,401,421,439,475,487,490,560,575,605,614,619,625,641,646,670,687,704,713,717,737,742,766,802,805,866,961,965,977,1016,1026,1052,1146,1164,1174,1192,1224,1236,1247,1264,1271,1278,1294,1301,1309,1315,1331,1352,1385],"editor,1":[6],"Dr.":[7,91,1333],"Peter":[8],"Szolovits":[9,1334],"called":[10],"for":[11,14,22,354,382,481,997,1125,1159,1194,1202,1320],"\u201cdistinct":[12],"names":[13],"distinct":[15,508],"ideas\u201d":[16],"when":[17],"discussing":[18],"grid.":[19,718],"His":[20],"suggestion":[21],"better":[23],"\u201cprecision":[24,76],"of":[25,58,66,77,105,109,111,121,148,154,162,168,185,190,194,315,477,489,527,549,568,638,684,706,711,716,746,757,774,865,875,953,980,1022,1025,1032,1034,1046,1051,1074,1096,1129,1153,1168,1282,1317,1361,1368],"language\u201d":[26],"arose":[27],"from":[28,197,221,266,400,950,1257],"listening":[29],"numerous":[31],"talks":[32],"at":[33,234,342,799],"2006":[35,123,236,1017],"American":[36,244],"Medical":[37],"Informatics":[38,1205],"Association":[39],"(AMIA)":[40],"Symposium":[41,345,1019],"\u201cwhere":[42],"speakers":[43,240,304],"describe":[44],"grids":[45],"that":[46,101,409,419,582,657,1015,1039,1070,1081,1119,1227,1357],"have":[47,1273],"little":[48],"in":[49,55,71,357,393,431,438,731,850,856,943,1042,1064,1218,1232,1277,1384],"common.\u201d1":[50],"At":[51,1191],"this":[52,80,128,332,343,500,789,1140,1212,1399],"early":[53],"stage":[54],"maturation":[57],"grid,":[59,316,798,1028],"as":[60,88,365,506,559,712,813,1056,1240,1362],"with":[61,136,204,327,661,777,833,895,964,1366],"any":[62],"emerging":[63],"technology,":[64],"lack":[65,1031],"clarity":[67],"is":[68,103,187,424,655,804,912,948,1180,1249,1324,1336],"natural":[69],"and,":[70],"fact,":[72,341,1043],"stimulates":[73],"an":[74,555,565,679,862,937,1181,1363],"ever-improving":[75],"thought.\u201d1":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"ambiguity":[81,102,135,186,195,229,767,1332,1346],"has":[82,362,443,736,1145],"already":[83],"begun":[84],"generate":[86],"discussion,":[87],"demonstrated":[89],"by":[90,141,554,899,956,1216],"Szolovits'":[92],"asking":[93],"\u201cWhat":[94],"Is":[95],"Grid?\u201d":[97],"Most":[98],"would":[99,1037],"agree":[100],"part":[104,864],"normal":[107],"lifecycle":[108],"adoption":[110],"new":[112],"ideas,":[113],"concepts,":[114],"and":[115,119,151,164,181,253,296,307,330,335,368,379,385,389,406,416,428,455,461,514,516,540,564,571,602,629,644,673,681,699,728,735,744,760,785,825,842,880,884,893,917,929,940,984,988,992,1001,1008,1049,1085,1098,1115,1122,1128,1166,1213,1234,1243,1267,1280,1288,1300,1313,1330,1342,1347,1372,1375,1396],"technologies.":[116],"Our":[117],"reading":[118],"interpretation":[120],"Gartner":[124],"Hype":[125],"Curve2":[126],"illustrates":[127],"point":[129],"quite":[130],"graphically;":[131],"it":[132,143,1012],"articulates":[133],"regard":[137],"\u201cgrid":[139],"computing\u201d":[140],"placing":[142],"midway":[144],"between":[145],"\u201cpeak":[147],"inflated":[149],"expectations\u201d":[150],"\u201ctrough":[153],"disillusionment,\u201d":[155],"on":[156,310,350,486,801,1398],"its":[157,907,957,969,1136,1349,1382],"way":[158,370,1310],"towards":[159,1311],"\u201cslope":[161],"enlightenment\u201d":[163],"within":[165,631],"2\u20135":[166],"years":[167],"mainstream":[169],"adoption.2":[170],"What":[171],"could":[172,708,1177],"be":[173,465,504,709,1340,1359],"more":[174,404,466,831],"ambiguous":[175],"than":[176,836,1005],"living":[177],"somewhere":[178],"in-between":[179],"\u201cexpectations\u201d":[180],"\u201cdisillusionment?\u201d":[182],"Another":[183],"aspect":[184],"role":[189,1226],"perspective.":[191],"The":[192,302,596,609,665,791,889],"spectrum":[193],"ranges":[196],"least":[199,800],"(for":[200,209],"those":[201,210,355],"actively":[202],"working":[203],"grid)":[205],"most":[208,792],"peripherally":[211],"involved":[212],"or":[213,636],"newly":[214,1302],"learning":[215],"about":[216],"field).":[218],"To":[219,464,499,1171,1344],"borrow":[220],"well-known":[223],"metaphor":[224],"help":[226],"explain":[227],"around":[230,1270],"grid-focused":[232],"presentations":[233],"AMIA":[237,303,1018],"Symposium,":[238],"unintentionally":[241],"actualized":[242],"poet":[245],"John":[246],"Godfrey":[247],"Saxe's":[248],"poem,":[249,258],"\u201cThe":[250,414],"Blind":[251],"Men":[252],"Elephant.\u201d3":[255],"each":[259],"blind":[260],"man":[261],"described":[262,1057],"elephant":[264],"differently":[265],"his":[267,276,281,286,291,297],"own":[268],"perspective\u2014the":[269],"elephant's":[270],"side":[271],"felt":[272],"like":[273,278,283,288,293,299],"wall,":[275],"tusk":[277],"spear,":[280],"trunk":[282],"snake,":[285],"knee":[287],"tree,":[290],"ear":[292],"fan":[295],"tail":[298],"rope.":[301],"presented":[305],"different":[306,544,995,1023,1047],"important":[308],"views":[309],"very":[312,1327],"large":[313],"domain":[314,1290],"resulting":[317],"in,":[318],"unavoidably,":[319],"somewhat":[321],"unclear":[322],"overall":[323,1364],"picture.":[324],"time,":[326],"further":[328,1172],"discussion":[329,1397],"education,":[331],"picture":[333],"can,":[334],"should,":[336],"become":[337],"much":[338],"clearer.":[339],"year's":[344],"tutorial":[347],"was":[348],"held":[349],"topic":[352],"\u201cHealthGrid\u201d":[353],"interested":[356],"area.":[359],"Grid":[360,991],"computing":[361,484,721,776,838,955,1133,1144,1284,1319],"unambiguously":[363],"functioned":[364],"distributed":[367,452,459,483,573,779,887,954,999,1132],"cost-effective":[369],"boost":[372],"computational":[373,447,533],"power":[374,534],"solve":[376],"large-scale":[377],"mathematical":[378],"data-bound":[380],"problems":[381],"physics":[384],"bioinformatics":[387],"communities,":[388],"continues":[390],"excel":[392],"these":[394,658],"areas":[395],"today.":[396],"However,":[397],"grid":[398,422,442,468,502,720,775,837,844,867,870,1054,1060,1143,1283,1318,1323,1358],"was,":[399],"beginning,":[402],"mature":[405,1381],"complex":[407],"concept":[408,423],"addressed":[410,1335],"specific":[412,417,633,1126],"problem:":[413],"real":[415],"problem":[418,429],"underlies":[420],"coordinated":[425,751],"resource":[426,752,821],"sharing":[427,753],"solving":[430],"dynamic,":[432],"multi-institutional":[433],"virtual":[434,589,634,747,982,1161,1189,1237],"organizations.\u201d4":[435],"As":[436],"envisioned":[437],"initial":[440],"concept,":[441],"matured":[444],"far":[445,1134],"beyond":[446,885,1135,1163],"augmentation":[448],"include":[450],"inter-organizational,":[451],"data":[453,539,729,879,1090],"management":[454],"exchange,":[456],"industrial-strength":[457],"security,":[458],"services":[460,570,649,659,835,853,860,882,897,904,920,936],"workload":[462],"orchestration.":[463],"precise,":[467],"represents":[469],"robust":[471,692],"framework":[472,693,849,1118,1365],"(based":[473],"upon":[474],"principle":[476],"service-oriented":[478],"architecture":[479,780],"(SOA))":[480],"performing":[482],"tasks":[485],"scale":[488],"Internet":[491,576,578],"which":[492,617,851,1258],"can":[493],"enable":[494],"\u201cService-Oriented":[495],"Science":[496],"[and":[497],"Medicine].\u201d5":[498],"end,":[501],"may":[503,854,891,1013,1230],"defined":[505],"four":[507],"technology":[509,599,688,962],"layers":[510,600,612,689,963,1050,1367],"(resources,":[511],"middleware,":[512],"services,":[513],"applications)":[515,630],"one":[517,768,1176],"implicit":[518],"(social)":[519],"layer.4":[520],"This":[521],"infrastructure":[522,1069,1087],"assumes":[523],"lower":[525],"layer":[526,548,567,967],"grid-accessible":[528],"resources":[529],"(widely":[530],"dispersed":[531],"storage,":[532],"(CPU":[535],"cycles),":[536],"devices,":[537],"sensors,":[538],"relational":[541],"databases":[542],"amongst":[543],"enterprises),":[545],"middle":[547],"grid-specific":[550],"middleware":[551],"(as":[552,1061],"provided":[553],"open-source":[556],"project":[557],"known":[558,812,1239],"Globus":[561],"Alliance":[562,1305],"(http://www.globus.org),":[563],"upper":[566,611],"grid-enabled":[569,610],"applications":[572],"across":[574,1286],"(the":[577],"itself":[579],"enabling":[580,976],"connectivity)":[581],"are":[583,861,902,921,930,1002,1208,1253,1307,1377],"useful":[584],"combine":[586],"into":[587,1351],"arbitrary":[588],"combinations":[590],"achieve":[592],"some":[593],"common":[594,1075],"goal.":[595],"first":[597],"two":[598],"(resources":[601],"middleware),":[603],"provide":[604,690,1231],"core,":[606],"domain-independent":[607],"infrastructure.":[608],"represent":[613,994],"algorithmic":[615],"stack":[616],"encapsulates":[618],"business":[620],"logic":[621],"required":[622,676],"support":[624],"shared":[626,697],"processes":[627,1371],"(services":[628],"organization":[635,1298],"\u201ccommunity":[637],"practice,\u201d":[639],"(e.g.,":[640],"healthcare":[642,1184,1353],"domain),":[643],"defines":[645],"domain-dependent":[647],"grid-based":[648,1228],"(data,":[650],"computational,":[651,877],"visualization,":[652],"etc.).":[653],"It":[654],"notable":[656],"harmonize":[660],"Web":[662],"Service":[663],"standards.":[664],"social":[666,714,966,989,1084],"layer,":[667],"then,":[668],"encompasses":[669],"governance,":[671],"coordination":[672],"policy":[674],"activities":[675],"assure":[678],"efficient":[680],"effective":[682],"community":[683,705,1073],"practice":[685,707],"while":[686,910,1011],"execute":[695],"such":[696],"policies":[698],"goals.":[700],"other":[702,857,951,1214,1268,1289],"words,":[703,858],"thought":[710],"manifestation":[715],"Fundamentally,":[719],"interconnects":[722],"people,":[723],"organizations,":[724],"processes,":[725],"application":[726],"silos":[727,730,1167],"completely":[732],"innovative":[733],"ways,":[734],"potential":[738,1147,1225],"significantly":[740],"augment":[741],"efficiency":[743],"effectiveness":[745],"organizations":[748,983,1162,1238],"(flexible,":[749],"secure,":[750],"among":[754],"dynamic":[755,978],"collections":[756],"individuals,":[758],"institutions,":[759],"resources).":[761],"order":[763],"lessen":[765],"degree":[769],"more,":[770],"brief":[772],"comparison":[773],"another":[778],"should":[781],"add":[782],"both":[783],"historical":[784],"technical":[786,987,1068,1101,1117],"depth":[787],"conversation.":[790],"similar":[793],"architectural":[794],"pattern":[795],"relative":[796],"surface,":[803],"Common":[806],"Object":[807],"Request":[808],"Broker":[809],"Architecture,":[810],"also":[811],"CORBA.":[814],"Both":[815],"approaches":[816],"attempt":[817],"integrate":[819],"data,":[820],"sharing,":[822],"communications,":[823],"conventions":[824],"organizational":[826],"exchanges;":[827],"nevertheless,":[828],"CORBA":[829,890,911,944,993],"contrasts":[830],"readily":[832],"web":[834,852,859,896,903,919,935],"per":[839],"se.":[840],"First":[841],"foremost,":[843],"provides":[845,1066,1111],"secure":[847,1116],"overarching":[848],"interoperate;":[855],"integral":[863],"fabric.":[868],"Secondarily,":[869],"supplies":[871],"rich":[873],"set":[874,1095,1152],"additional":[876],"federated":[878,1109],"collaborative":[881],"above":[883],"existing":[886],"systems.":[888],"interoperate":[892],"coexist":[894],"but":[898],"no":[900],"means":[901],"endemic":[905],"architecture.":[908],"Furthermore,":[909],"distinctly":[913],"tightly":[914],"coupled,":[915,923],"object-oriented":[916],"stateful,":[918],"loosely":[922],"utilize":[924],"message":[926],"exchange":[927],"model":[928,972,1080],"stateless.":[931],"These":[932],"differences":[933],"give":[934],"inherent":[938],"flexibility":[939],"simplicity":[941],"unavailable":[942],"implementations.":[945],"Grid,":[946],"therefore,":[947],"unique":[949],"methods":[952],"ability":[958],"coalesce":[960],"through":[968],"commercial-strength":[970],"security":[971],"(X.509":[973],"certificates),":[974],"thus":[975],"creation":[979],"multiple":[981],"providing":[985],"unprecedented":[986],"agility.":[990],"models":[996],"building":[998,1160],"systems":[1000],"complementary":[1003],"rather":[1004],"competing":[1006],"technologies":[1007,1229,1285],"architectures.":[1009],"So,":[1010],"appear":[1014],"presenters":[1020],"spoke":[1021],"definitions":[1024,1045],"same":[1027,1053],"demonstrating":[1029],"precision":[1033],"thought,":[1035],"we":[1036,1105,1207,1355],"argue":[1038],"they":[1040],"are,":[1041],"accurate":[1044],"aspects":[1048],"framework,":[1055],"above.":[1058],"Thus,":[1059],"framework),":[1063],"fact:":[1065],"enables":[1071],"\u201ca":[1072,1083,1100],"interests,\u201d1":[1076],"requires":[1077],"governance":[1079],"supports":[1082],"funding":[1086],"encourage":[1089],"sharing,\u201d1":[1091],"delivers":[1092],"comprehensive":[1094],"tools":[1097,1156],"consequently":[1099],"approach":[1102],"what":[1104],"used":[1106],"call":[1108],"databases,\u201d1":[1110],"flexible,":[1113],"scaleable":[1114],"facilitates":[1120],"\u201cstandardization":[1121],"ontology":[1123],"construction":[1124],"fields,":[1127],"course,":[1130],"offers":[1131],"\u201coriginal":[1137],"meaning.\u201d1":[1138],"broader":[1141],"context,":[1142],"offer":[1149],"vast":[1151],"production-tested":[1154],"software":[1155],"designed":[1157],"specifically":[1158],"limits":[1165],"institutional":[1169],"boundaries.":[1170,1291],"extend":[1173],"metaphor,":[1175],"ask,":[1178],"\u201cwhat":[1179],"interconnected":[1182],"national":[1183],"system":[1185],"if":[1186],"not":[1187],"organization?\u201d4":[1190],"Centers":[1193],"Disease":[1195],"Control":[1196],"&":[1197],"Prevention's":[1198],"(CDC)":[1199],"National":[1200],"Center":[1201],"Public":[1203],"Health":[1204],"(NCPHI),":[1206],"attempting":[1209],"answer":[1211],"questions":[1215],"engaging":[1217],"active":[1219],"preliminary":[1220],"research":[1221,1395],"discover":[1223],"interconnecting":[1233],"augmenting":[1235],"public":[1241],"health":[1242,1287],"clinical":[1244],"care.":[1245],"Clearly":[1246],"task":[1248],"challenging.":[1250],"Fortunately,":[1251],"there":[1252],"many":[1254],"worldwide":[1255],"initiatives":[1256],"learn.":[1260],"contrast":[1262],"US,":[1265],"Europe":[1266],"countries":[1269],"world":[1272],"made":[1274],"significant":[1275],"advancements":[1276],"development":[1279],"utilization":[1281],"addition,":[1293],"five-year-old":[1295],"International":[1296],"HealthGrid":[1297],"(http://community.healthgrid.org)":[1299],"formed":[1303],"HealthGrid.US":[1304],"(http://www.healthgrid.us)":[1306],"leading":[1308],"exploring":[1312],"discovering":[1314],"capability":[1316],"healthcare.":[1321],"Altogether,":[1322],"clearly":[1325],"broad":[1328],"domain,":[1329,1354],"challenge":[1338],"expected":[1341],"addressed.":[1343],"minimize":[1345],"accelerate":[1348],"introduction":[1350],"propose":[1356],"conceived":[1360],"core":[1369],"technologies,":[1370],"sociology.":[1373],"Education":[1374],"collaboration":[1376],"critical":[1378],"quickly":[1380],"place":[1383],"US":[1386],"biomedical":[1387],"informatics":[1388],"field.":[1389],"We":[1390],"look":[1391],"forward":[1392],"continued":[1394],"topic.":[1400]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
