{"id":"https://openalex.org/W92786548","doi":null,"title":"Habitability of Mars, Enceladus, Europa and Titan \u2013 Challenges in Astrobiology and Planetary Research.","display_name":"Habitability of Mars, Enceladus, Europa and Titan \u2013 Challenges in Astrobiology and Planetary Research.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W92786548","mag":"92786548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:92786548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/94154/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085820549","display_name":"de Vera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"de Vera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025127897","display_name":"Jean Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00724323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.1543000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.07909999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-habitability","display_name":"Mars habitability","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enceladus","display_name":"Enceladus","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europa","display_name":"Europa","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titan","display_name":"Titan","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icy-moons","display_name":"icy satellites","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"astrobiology","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-detection","display_name":"life detection","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-plumes","display_name":"water plumes","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsurface-ocean","display_name":"subsurface ocean","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-space-station","display_name":"International Space Station","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cassini","display_name":"Cassini","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-compounds","display_name":"organic compounds","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitable-environments","display_name":"habitable environments","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-missions","display_name":"planetary missions","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-protection","display_name":"planetary protection","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-2020-mission","display_name":"Mars 2020 mission","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.950573742389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21435255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5636875","display_name":"Habitability","level":3,"score":0.8892965912818909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129717645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3180802","display_name":"Icy moon","level":4,"score":0.7913060784339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.6446112394332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118873486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686904","display_name":"Jovian","level":4,"score":0.6424344182014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777156515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3303","display_name":"Enceladus","level":2,"score":0.6353912353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539450922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544","display_name":"Solar System","level":2,"score":0.6335395574569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162053735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846030","display_name":"Planetary habitability","level":4,"score":0.5533025860786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51553727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215913","display_name":"Circumstellar habitable zone","level":4,"score":0.5105477571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50805821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136670","display_name":"Titan (rocket family)","level":2,"score":0.49009501934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4495089650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283","display_name":"Liquid water","level":2,"score":0.44800031185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98536072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181508","display_name":"Extraterrestrial life","level":2,"score":0.4293302893638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778172956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601319","display_name":"Life on Mars","level":4,"score":0.42108798027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.35164451599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163479331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44559","display_name":"Exoplanet","level":3,"score":0.33926665782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.32998332381248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778600265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913850","display_name":"Martian","level":3,"score":0.25207629799842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.24251911044120789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511503438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193","display_name":"Saturn","level":3,"score":0.18642184138298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16943353414535522}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:92786548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/94154/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023934786","https://openalex.org/W2067129492","https://openalex.org/W2092255863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139424806","https://openalex.org/W2952265190","https://openalex.org/W7165118800","https://openalex.org/W1653600036","https://openalex.org/W4285168993","https://openalex.org/W3134763690","https://openalex.org/W89418723","https://openalex.org/W7033743898","https://openalex.org/W2983865342","https://openalex.org/W3160390580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,23,29,46,54,64,76,117,136,138,187,191,204,218,256,270,279,286,324,329,343,486],"the":[2,11,21,26,30,62,81,89,97,115,123,126,134,151,159,174,188,195,201,215,226,268,277,298,307,330,347,364,388,427,459,467,474,503,511],"main":[3,348],"challenges":[4],"in":[5,10,111,150,166,318,357,363,369,377,421,426,433,453,458],"astrobiology":[6],"and":[7,25,32,96,133,206,208,281,288,310,334,366,387,397,419,435,438,444,455,466,489,491,509,516],"planetary":[8,358,370,422],"research":[9,375],"near":[12],"future":[13,319],"is":[14,36,109,143,157,304,417,514],"to":[15,19,40,122,147,163,244,315,350,401,411,464,482,523],"realize":[16],"space":[17,153,344,378,454,461],"missions":[18,345,463],"study":[20],"habitability":[22],"Mars":[24,35,118,132,156,465],"icy":[27,171,196,308,468],"moons":[28,490],"Jovian":[31,175],"Saturnian":[33,235,299],"system.":[34,169],"an":[37,257,302],"interesting":[38],"object":[39],"search":[41,127,245,351],"for":[42,128,246,297,352,507,521],"fossilized":[43],"life":[44,142,165,353,440],"because":[45,186],"its":[47,55,261],"much":[48,94,99],"more":[49,100],"water":[50,107,179,252,280],"driven":[51,180],"wet":[52],"history":[53],"past.":[56],"River":[57],"beds,":[58],"sedimentary":[59],"deposits":[60,212],"indicating":[61],"presence":[63,75,135,278],"lakes":[65],"[1]":[66],"as":[67,69,198,200,383,430,432],"well":[68,199,431],"a":[70,77,144,219,230,241,283,487,518],"sup-posed":[71],"but":[72],"highly":[73],"debated":[74],"former":[78],"ocean":[79,221,227,258,303],"on":[80,114,131,194,340,379,502],"north":[82],"hemisphere":[83],"[2]":[84],"are":[85,222,338,385,442],"clearly":[86,223,480],"showing":[87],"that":[88,125,225,275,415],"atmosphere":[90],"must":[91,183],"have":[92,273],"been":[93],"denser":[95],"conditions":[98],"habitable":[101,129,231,498],"than":[102],"nowadays.":[103],"Even":[104],"today":[105],"still":[106],"activity":[108,182],"present":[110],"specific":[112,380],"niches":[113],"surface":[116],"[3].":[119],"This":[120],"leads":[121],"conclusion":[124],"environ-ments":[130,424],"bio-traces":[137],"extinct":[139],"or":[140],"extant":[141],"reasonable":[145],"enterprise":[146],"be":[148,229,240,316,497],"conducted":[149],"next":[152,460],"missions.":[154,322],"But":[155],"not":[158,314],"only":[160],"promising":[161,242],"can-didate":[162],"find":[164],"our":[167],"solar":[168],"The":[170,234,394],"moons,":[172],"like":[173,410,425],"moon":[176,236,250,300,312],"Europa":[177],"where":[178],"resurfacing":[181],"regularly":[184],"happen":[185],"low":[189],"amount":[190],"impact":[192],"craters":[193],"crusts":[197],"clear":[202],"observations":[203,266,328],"cryo-volcans":[205],"fissures":[207],"cracks":[209],"with":[210,346,374],"colored":[211],"coming":[213],"from":[214],"inner":[216],"side":[217],"global":[220],"showing,":[224],"can":[228],"environment":[232],"[4].":[233],"Eneladus":[237],"seems":[238],"also":[239,272],"candidate":[243],"life.":[247,413],"On":[248],"this":[249,311],"high":[251,284],"plumes":[253],"come":[254],"out":[255],"covered":[259],"by":[260,267],"ice":[262],"crust":[263,309],"[5].":[264],"Some":[265],"probe":[269],"Cassini":[271],"shown,":[274],"besides":[276],"salts":[282],"number":[285],"simple":[287],"complex":[289,512],"organics":[290],"was":[291],"observed":[292],"within":[293],"these":[294,325,447,525],"plumes.":[295],"Also":[296],"Titan":[301],"supposed":[305],"beneth":[306],"has":[313],"neglected":[317],"astrobiology-driven":[320],"exploration":[321,462],"Because":[323],"very":[326],"important":[327,505],"last":[331],"decades":[332],"international":[333,475],"interdisciplinary":[335],"scientific":[336,398],"teams":[337],"working":[339],"new":[341],"types":[342],"task":[349],"including":[354],"work":[355,362,506],"performed":[356,368],"analog":[359,423],"field":[360,448],"sites,":[361],"lab":[365],"analysis":[367],"simulation":[371],"facilities":[372,382],"combined":[373],"done":[376],"exposure":[381],"there":[384],"satellites":[386],"International":[389],"Space":[390],"Station":[391],"(ISS).":[392],"technology":[395,416,513],"developments":[396],"approaches":[399],"try":[400],"solve":[402],"problems":[403],"which":[404,479,495],"might":[405,496],"occur":[406],"if":[407],"we":[408],"would":[409],"detect":[412],"For":[414],"used":[418,445],"tested":[420],"deep":[428],"sea":[429],"dry":[434],"cold":[436],"deserts":[437],"different":[439],"detectors":[441],"developed":[443],"during":[446],"campaigns":[449],"before":[450,499],"testing":[451],"them":[452],"using":[456],"further":[457],"moons.":[469],"Taken":[471],"into":[472],"account":[473],"plan-etary":[476],"protection":[477],"guidelines":[478],"formulate":[481],"first":[483],"prevent":[484],"contamination":[485],"planets":[488],"their":[492],"spe-cial":[493],"regions":[494],"sending":[500],"probes":[501],"surface,":[504],"cleaning":[508],"sterilizing":[510],"necessary":[515],"sometimes":[517],"big":[519],"chal-lenge":[520],"engineers":[522],"fulfill":[524],"guidelines.":[526]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}