{"id":"https://openalex.org/W92776439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","title":"Young Irish Workers: Class Implications of Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s Experiences in Gilded Age Chicago","display_name":"Young Irish Workers: Class Implications of Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s Experiences in Gilded Age Chicago","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W92776439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","mag":"92776439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/eir.2001.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45884062","display_name":"\u00c9ire-Ireland","issn_l":"0013-2683","issn":["0013-2683","1550-5162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316597","host_organization_name":"Irish American Cultural Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316597"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Irish American Cultural Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c9ire-Ireland","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056837607","display_name":"Patricia Kelleher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Kelleher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056837607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86388566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1-2","first_page":"141","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.42750000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.42750000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11776","display_name":"Irish and British Studies","score":0.20640000700950623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14004","display_name":"History and Cultural Heritage","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-americans","display_name":"Irish Americans","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-class-solidarity","display_name":"working-class solidarity","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobility","display_name":"social mobility","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gilded-age","display_name":"Gilded Age","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chicago","display_name":"Chicago","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-class","display_name":"gender and class","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-women","display_name":"Irish women","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-radicalism","display_name":"Irish radicalism","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-movement","display_name":"labor movement","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-assimilation","display_name":"immigrant assimilation","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respectability","display_name":"respectability","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-capitalism","display_name":"industrial capitalism","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-diaspora","display_name":"Irish diaspora","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-working-class","display_name":"urban working class","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-history","display_name":"women's history","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-consciousness","display_name":"class consciousness","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","display_name":"Irish","level":2,"score":0.9021611213684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778672473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753636","display_name":"Gilded Age","level":2,"score":0.7404244542121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778611045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133004","display_name":"Diaspora","level":2,"score":0.5938565731048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.5911835432052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5752184391021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135121143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182034","display_name":"Hegemony","level":3,"score":0.545112133026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170950685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191159","display_name":"Working class","level":3,"score":0.5390239953994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4946114718914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066261","display_name":"Class consciousness","level":3,"score":0.4633603096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97570923","display_name":"Political radicalism","level":3,"score":0.4553930163383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.405987024307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2736276388168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21069413423538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.190931499004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/eir.2001.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2001.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45884062","display_name":"\u00c9ire-Ireland","issn_l":"0013-2683","issn":["0013-2683","1550-5162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316597","host_organization_name":"Irish American Cultural Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316597"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Irish American Cultural Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c9ire-Ireland","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/667015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/667015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W415663002","https://openalex.org/W643428338","https://openalex.org/W1508124898","https://openalex.org/W1564652184","https://openalex.org/W1571517277","https://openalex.org/W1965767692","https://openalex.org/W1971618510","https://openalex.org/W1974835393","https://openalex.org/W1980189567","https://openalex.org/W1985793313","https://openalex.org/W1992729617","https://openalex.org/W1996832305","https://openalex.org/W1998915728","https://openalex.org/W2003152687","https://openalex.org/W2005961632","https://openalex.org/W2007445003","https://openalex.org/W2029294562","https://openalex.org/W2030378986","https://openalex.org/W2039703348","https://openalex.org/W2041232611","https://openalex.org/W2049818120","https://openalex.org/W2051209257","https://openalex.org/W2055846045","https://openalex.org/W2057891543","https://openalex.org/W2058106067","https://openalex.org/W2062592474","https://openalex.org/W2067920895","https://openalex.org/W2074846581","https://openalex.org/W2076062619","https://openalex.org/W2077450391","https://openalex.org/W2077509812","https://openalex.org/W2086908787","https://openalex.org/W2088642301","https://openalex.org/W2089971793","https://openalex.org/W2090174871","https://openalex.org/W2111653757","https://openalex.org/W2114177529","https://openalex.org/W2114524673","https://openalex.org/W2123815868","https://openalex.org/W2134298323","https://openalex.org/W2140265072","https://openalex.org/W2141216341","https://openalex.org/W2157958377","https://openalex.org/W2323173007","https://openalex.org/W2323285973","https://openalex.org/W2324287594","https://openalex.org/W2324407347","https://openalex.org/W2325685461","https://openalex.org/W2329556247","https://openalex.org/W2330874899","https://openalex.org/W2331739804","https://openalex.org/W2333389875","https://openalex.org/W2799413054","https://openalex.org/W2802906426","https://openalex.org/W2996057625","https://openalex.org/W4319588049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W392033142","https://openalex.org/W4399387182","https://openalex.org/W4312361121","https://openalex.org/W594575360","https://openalex.org/W4254863839","https://openalex.org/W2766213431","https://openalex.org/W1536584540","https://openalex.org/W7056649090","https://openalex.org/W7139400032","https://openalex.org/W4398207273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"YOUNG":[0],"IRISH":[1],"WORKERS:":[2],"CLASS":[3,167,453],"IMPLICATIONS":[4,168,639],"OF":[5,169,640],"MEN\u2019S":[6],"AND":[7,454,461],"WOMEN\u2019S":[8],"EXPERIENCES":[9,170,641],"IN":[10,171,457,642],"GILDED":[11,172,643],"AGE":[12,173,644],"CHICAGO":[13,174,645],"PATRICIA":[14],"KELLEHER":[15],"discussion":[16,378],"of":[17,53,63,72,103,114,130,137,156,200,245,261,392,395,409,421,437,474,538,619,652],"nineteenth-":[18],"and":[19,31,36,41,65,75,93,98,105,125,183,211,231,273,282,290,295,304,310,316,346,371,385,399,425,494,535,625,661],"early":[20,164],"twentieth-century":[21],"Irish":[22,78,91,122,146,208,222,236,264,283,294,318,330,360,381,410,486,530,539,549,602],"Americans\u2019":[23,382],"\u201cclass\u201d\u2014their":[24],"status":[25,542],"as":[26,28,79,249,251,427,429,449],"well":[27,250,428],"their":[29,95,101,580],"behaviors":[30],"attitudes":[32],"concerning":[33],"class":[34,148,161,363,383,414,472,596],"mobility":[35,74],"working-class":[37,118,331],"solidarity\u2014has":[38],"been":[39],"vexed":[40],"contentious":[42],".":[43,627],"The":[44,179,221,235,259,279,313,650],"topic\u2019s":[45],"inherent":[46],"complexity,":[47],"in":[48,89,151,185,224,239,275,300,343,350,364,441,443,487,543,582,595,606,655],"combination":[49],"with":[50,128,362,524,612],"the":[51,77,112,135,154,163,186,196,201,262,276,296,317,327,359,377,393,396,419,435,445,450,471,475,485,501,508,551,554,567,571,589,599,607,647],"variety":[52,594],"perspectives":[54,124],"brought":[55],"to":[56,357,376,401,412,513,519,532,578],"its":[57,232],"analysis,":[58],"has":[59,110],"produced":[60],"a":[61,70,86,144,157,482,491,515],"welter":[62],"claims":[64],"arguments.":[66],"Some":[67],"historians":[68],"assume":[69],"norm":[71],"upward":[73,106],"view":[76],"laggards.":[80],"In":[81,510],"contrast,":[82],"other":[83,131],"scholars":[84],"tell":[85],"success":[87],"story":[88],"which":[90,518],"immigrants,":[92],"especially":[94],"descendants,":[96],"struggled":[97],"eventually":[99,587],"achieved":[100],"goals":[102],"respectability":[104],"mobility.":[107],"Another":[108],"contingent":[109],"discerned":[111],"emergence":[113],"an":[115,390,511],"Irish-American":[116,397,653],"radical":[117],"consciousness":[119],"that":[120,143,388,497,621],"broadened":[121],"workers\u2019":[123],"encouraged":[126],"solidarity":[127],"members":[129],"groups":[132],"who":[133,603],"challenged":[134],"inequities":[136],"industrial":[138],"capitalism.":[139],"Still":[140],"others":[141],"report":[142],"co-opted":[145],"working":[147],"had":[149,622],"fallen":[150],"line":[152],"behind":[153],"dictates":[155],"hegemonic":[158],"Catholic":[159,237,243,338,601],"middle":[160],"by":[162,379,386,432,469,507,570],"twentieth":[165],"century.1":[166],"141":[175],"1":[176,287],"Stephan":[177],"Thernstrom,":[178],"Other":[180],"Bostonians:":[181],"Poverty":[182],"Progress":[184],"American":[187,263,297,314,476,544],"Metropolis,":[188],"1880\u20131970":[189],"(Cambridge:":[190],"Harvard":[191],"University":[192,228,244,669],"Press,":[193,229,247,323,670],"1973),":[194],"illustrates":[195],"first":[197],"view.":[198],"Examples":[199],"second":[202],"perspective":[203],"are":[204],"Marjorie":[205],"R.":[206],"Fallows,":[207],"Americans:":[209],"Identity":[210,315,349],"Assimilation":[212],"(Englewood":[213],"Cliffs,":[214],"N.J.:":[215],"Prentice-Hall,":[216],"1979);":[217],"Lawrence":[218],"J.":[219],"McCaffrey,":[220],"Diaspora":[223,238],"America":[225,240,246,309,365,488,534],"(Bloomington:":[226],"Indiana":[227],"1976),":[230],"revised":[233],"edition":[234],"(Washington,":[241],"D.C.:":[242],"1997)":[248],"Andrew":[252],"M.":[253],"Greeley,":[254],"That":[255,478],"Most":[256],"Distressful":[257],"Nation:":[258],"Taming":[260],"(Chicago:":[265],"Quadrangle":[266],"Books,":[267],"1972).":[268],"Eric":[269],"Foner,":[270],"\u201cClass,":[271,344],"Ethnicity,":[272],"Radicalism":[274],"Gilded":[277,451],"Age:":[278],"Land":[280],"League":[281],"America,\u201d":[284],"Marxist":[285],"Perspectives":[286],"(1978),":[288],"6\u201355,":[289],"David":[291,301],"Montgomery,":[292],"\u201cThe":[293],"Labor":[298],"Movement,\u201d":[299],"N.":[302],"Doyle":[303],"Owen":[305],"Dudley":[306],"Edwards,":[307],"eds.,":[308],"Ireland,":[311],"1772\u20131976:":[312],"Connection":[319],"(Westport,":[320],"Conn.:":[321],"Greenwood":[322],"1980),":[324],"205\u201318,":[325],"exemplify":[326],"argument":[328,336],"for":[329,337,484],"radicalism.":[332],"Kerby":[333],"Miller\u2019s":[334],"lucid":[335],"middle-class":[339],"hegemony":[340],"is":[341,481],"summarized":[342],"Culture,":[345],"Immigrant":[347],"Group":[348],"Despite":[351],"these":[352],"differences,":[353],"most":[354],"scholars\u2019":[355],"attempts":[356],"explain":[358],"encounter":[361],"have":[366],"focused":[367],"on":[368,434],"men\u2019s":[369],"experiences":[370,436],"perspectives.":[372],"This":[373,465],"article":[374],"contributes":[375],"clarifying":[380],"standing":[384],"demonstrating":[387],"both":[389,529],"appreciation":[391],"complexity":[394],"population":[398],"attention":[400],"specific":[402,430],"historical":[403],"circumstances":[404],"must":[405,467],"inform":[406],"any":[407],"analysis":[408],"responses":[411],"America\u2019s":[413],"system.":[415],"I":[416,521],"will":[417,522],"illustrate":[418],"importance":[420],"age,":[422],"generation":[423],",":[424,659],"gender,":[426],"context,":[431],"focusing":[433],"young":[438],"immigrant":[439],"workers":[440],"Chicago":[442],"1880\u2014during":[444],"pivotal":[446],"period":[447],"known":[448],"Age.":[452],"OCCUPATIONAL":[455],"STATUS":[456],"THE":[458],"LATE":[459],"NINETEENTH":[460],"EARLY":[462],"TWENTIETH":[463],"CENTURIES":[464],"exploration":[466],"begin":[468,523],"assessing":[470],"\u201cposition\u201d":[473],"Irish.":[477],"task":[479],"alone":[480],"challenge,":[483],"were":[489,498,504,629],"not":[490,635],"monolithic":[492],"group,":[493],"class-based":[495],"attributes":[496],"common":[499,506],"during":[500,553],"famine":[502],"era":[503,556],"less":[505,584],"1910s.":[509],"effort":[512],"provide":[514],"basis":[516],"from":[517,559,617],"proceed,":[520],"some":[525,593],"general":[526],"information":[527],"about":[528],"emigration":[531],"North":[533],"quantitative":[536],"measures":[537],"immigrants\u2019":[540],"occupational":[541],"society.2":[545],"About":[546],"one":[547],"million":[548],"crossed":[550],"Atlantic":[552],"prefamine":[555,600],"(1815\u201345).":[557],"Protestants":[558],"Ulster":[560],"dominated":[561,588],"at":[562,630],"first;":[563],"but":[564],"Catholics":[565,586],"swelled":[566],"emigrant":[568],"stream":[569],"1830s.":[572],"While":[573],"moderately":[574],"\u201cbetter-off\u201d":[575],"people":[576],"continued":[577],"seek":[579],"fortunes":[581],"America,":[583],"prosperous":[585],"outflow.":[590],"There":[591],"was":[592],"background":[597],"among":[598],"established":[604],"beachheads":[605],"US.":[608],"Furthermore,":[609],"even":[610],"those":[611],"few":[613],"resources":[614],"usually":[615],"came":[616],"areas":[618],"Ireland":[620],"undergone":[623],"Anglicization":[624],"commercialization":[626],"They":[628],"least":[631],"familiar":[632],"with,":[633],"if":[634],"reconciled":[636],"to,":[637],"domCLASS":[638],"142":[646],"United":[648],"States:":[649],"Case":[651],"Ethnicity,\u201d":[654],"Immigration":[656],"Reconsidered:":[657],"History":[658],"Sociology,":[660],"Politics,":[662],"ed.":[663],"Virginia":[664],"Yans-McLaughlin":[665],"(New":[666],"York:":[667],"Oxford":[668],"1990),":[671],"96...":[672]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}