{"id":"https://openalex.org/W92340455","doi":null,"title":"Online Education in Community Colleges: Access, School Success, and Labor-Market Outcomes","display_name":"Online Education in Community Colleges: Access, School Success, and Labor-Market Outcomes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W92340455","mag":"92340455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/108944","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023444011","display_name":"Francie E. Streich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francie E. Streich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023444011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12408","display_name":"Digital Transformation of Higher Education","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-colleges","display_name":"community colleges","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-instruction","display_name":"hybrid instruction","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-outcomes","display_name":"labor market outcomes","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings","display_name":"earnings","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-pass-rates","display_name":"course pass rates","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-adults","display_name":"working adults","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remedial-students","display_name":"remedial students","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-access","display_name":"college access","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781110425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2074695","display_name":"Coursework","level":2,"score":0.9304176568984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.8483636379241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5680112838745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985172591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336920","display_name":"Community college","level":2,"score":0.49869298934936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41755974292755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.41482269763946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.4137958884239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35087719559669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3491544723510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33283519744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31437793374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2560909390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.19503739476203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1826610267162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13678979873657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.12141254544258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/108944","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:92340455","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108944/1/fstreich_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/108944","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/108944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W92340455.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W92340455.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148882939","https://openalex.org/W1567498578","https://openalex.org/W1594490194","https://openalex.org/W1996853013","https://openalex.org/W2028883490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6995529479","https://openalex.org/W2467713067","https://openalex.org/W2051736478","https://openalex.org/W1567498578","https://openalex.org/W4394595321","https://openalex.org/W3197042053","https://openalex.org/W41412707","https://openalex.org/W2969623127","https://openalex.org/W7100831689","https://openalex.org/W7095256719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chapter":[0,149,225],"1":[1],"provides":[2],"the":[3,7,36,50,63,117,153,223,229,236,253,261,267,271,279,298,311,324,348],"first":[4],"evidence":[5],"on":[6,12,23,160,235,270],"effect":[8,141,154,230,254],"of":[9,134,142,146,155,231,238,252,255,263,273,300,327],"online":[10,37,60,97,103,135,147,156,194,233,258,268,294],"education":[11,104],"labor-market":[13],"outcomes.":[14,163],"I":[15,290,319],"employ":[16],"an":[17,193],"individual-fixed-effects":[18],"estimation":[19,167],"strategy":[20],"using":[21],"data":[22],"over":[24],"100,000":[25],"community-college":[26,241],"enrollees":[27,239,274,301],"and":[28,157,165,174,196,260,286,306,337],"show":[29,55,84,121,180],"that":[30,85,102,122,181,277,292,302,339],"students":[31,93,106,182,328],"who":[32,46,94],"complete":[33,47],"courses":[34,48,276],"in":[35,49,62,96,222,240,266,275],"format":[38,269],"experience":[39],"larger":[40],"earnings":[41,86],"gains":[42],"than":[43],"their":[44],"peers":[45],"traditional,":[51],"face-to-face":[52,212],"format.":[53],"Estimates":[54,82],"large":[56],"benefits":[57],"to":[58,107,171,191,204,210,249,321,331,345],"completing":[59,131,143],"coursework":[61],"years":[64],"immediately":[65],"following":[66,280],"initial":[67],"enrollment,":[68],"when":[69],"a":[70,112,125,206,211],"student":[71],"may":[72,77],"still":[73],"be":[74,346],"enrolled":[75,90],"or":[76],"have":[78,278],"just":[79],"exited":[80],"college.":[81],"also":[83],"fall":[87],"less":[88,189,202],"during":[89],"periods":[91],"for":[92,316],"enroll":[95],"courses.":[98,242],"These":[99,214],"findings":[100],"suggest":[101],"allows":[105],"acquire":[108],"college":[109],"credit":[110],"at":[111,152,228],"lower":[113],"opportunity":[114],"cost.":[115],"In":[116],"long":[118],"run,":[119],"estimates":[120,179,251],"there":[123],"is":[124,220,247,329],"large,":[126],"positive":[127],"benefit":[128],"associated":[129],"with":[130,310],"any":[132,257],"amount":[133],"credits":[136],"but":[137],"no":[138],"significant":[139],"dosage":[140],"greater":[144],"amounts":[145],"coursework.":[148],"2":[150],"looks":[151,227],"hybrid":[158,207],"instruction":[159],"students'":[161],"course-level":[162],"Fixed-effects":[164],"instrumental-variables":[166],"strategies":[168],"are":[169,183,303],"implemented":[170],"remove":[172],"bias":[173],"generate":[175,250],"causal":[176],"estimates.":[177],"The":[178],"9":[184],"-":[185,198],"13":[186],"percentage":[187,200],"points":[188,201],"likely":[190,203],"pass":[192,205],"class":[195,208],"4":[197],"7":[199],"relative":[209],"class.":[213],"averages":[215],"mask":[216],"substantial":[217],"heterogeneity,":[218],"which":[219],"highlighted":[221],"chapter.":[224],"3":[226],"expanding":[232,293],"offerings":[234,295],"composition":[237,326],"A":[243],"course-fixed":[244],"effects":[245,313],"analysis":[246],"employed":[248],"offering":[256],"seats":[259,264],"percent":[262,272,299],"offered":[265],"characteristics:":[281],"working,":[282,304],"adult,":[283,305],"female,":[284],"remedial,":[285],"financial":[287,307],"aid":[288,308],"recipient.":[289],"find":[291,338],"significantly":[296],"increases":[297],"recipients,":[309],"largest":[312],"being":[314],"found":[315],"working":[317],"adults.":[318],"attempt":[320],"disentangle":[322],"whether":[323],"changing":[325],"due":[330],"new":[332],"enrollments":[333,336],"versus":[334],"shifting":[335,340],"enrollment":[341],"does":[342],"not":[343],"appear":[344],"driving":[347],"results.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}