{"id":"https://openalex.org/W91684875","doi":null,"title":"Measurement error in biomarkers: sources, assessment, and impact on studies.","display_name":"Measurement error in biomarkers: sources, assessment, and impact on studies.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W91684875","mag":"91684875","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22997860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22997860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22997860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IARC scientific publications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107467351","display_name":"Emily White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-1633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-1633","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-0829","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-6227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily White","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ewhite@fhcrc.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ewhite@fhcrc.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107467351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78540746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"163","first_page":"143","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validity-studies","display_name":"validity studies","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-studies","display_name":"reliability studies","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias","display_name":"bias","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validity-coefficients","display_name":"validity coefficients","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraclass-correlation-coefficient","display_name":"intraclass correlation coefficient","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kappa-statistic","display_name":"kappa statistic","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-measurement","display_name":"exposure measurement","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.8818775415420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5944415926933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.5938137769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.5474165678024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5423524975776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.4813883602619171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4382944405078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40933746099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.25588423013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2033233642578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12209036946296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08681595325469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003951","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Errors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016021","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22997860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22997860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IARC scientific publications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:91684875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22997860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2472534936","https://openalex.org/W2493791853","https://openalex.org/W2118144911","https://openalex.org/W2076837698","https://openalex.org/W1963679618","https://openalex.org/W4235087173","https://openalex.org/W2273492524","https://openalex.org/W2416808812","https://openalex.org/W2418710136","https://openalex.org/W2462230207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measurement":[0],"error":[1,8,31,71,120,211,251],"in":[2,14,78,101,109,121,216,261],"a":[3,10,15,19,75,106,110,122,160],"biomarker":[4,11,70,77,97,142,154,209,247,250],"refers":[5],"to":[6,18,49,65,85,98,105,117,203],"the":[7,23,57,67,96,119,132,141,144,148,153,156,164,184,205,213,223,228,231,236,258],"of":[9,56,69,74,88,91,112,152,163,207,230],"measure":[12,86,108,162],"applied":[13],"specific":[16,20,76],"way":[17],"population,":[21],"versus":[22],"true":[24,145,157],"(etiologic)":[25],"exposure.":[26],"In":[27],"epidemiologic":[28,79,103,218,268],"studies,":[29],"this":[30],"includes":[32],"not":[33,167],"only":[34],"laboratory":[35],"error,":[36,227],"but":[37],"also":[38],"errors":[39],"(variations)":[40],"introduced":[41],"during":[42],"specimen":[43],"collection":[44],"and":[45,47,52,60,127,143,147,183,238,254,264],"storage,":[46],"due":[48],"day-to-day,":[50],"month-to-month,":[51],"year-to-year":[53],"within-subject":[54],"variability":[55],"biomarker.":[58,224],"Validity":[59,93],"reliability":[61,170,201],"studies":[62,80,94,172,202],"that":[63,220],"aim":[64],"assess":[66],"degree":[68],"for":[72,180,188,244],"use":[73,195,222],"must":[81],"be":[82,99],"properly":[83],"designed":[84],"all":[87],"these":[89,196],"sources":[90],"error.":[92],"compare":[95],"used":[100,116,134],"an":[102,217,267],"study":[104,219],"perfect":[107,161],"group":[111],"subjects.":[113],"The":[114],"parameters":[115,133,197],"quantify":[118],"binary":[123,181],"marker":[124],"are":[125,135,173,176,192],"sensitivity":[126],"specificity.":[128],"For":[129],"continuous":[130,189],"biomarkers,":[131],"bias":[136,257],"(the":[137],"mean":[138],"difference":[139],"between":[140,252],"exposure)":[146],"validity":[149,199],"coefficient":[150,187],"(correlation":[151],"with":[155],"exposure).":[158],"Often":[159],"exposure":[165],"is":[166,234,239],"available,":[168],"so":[169],"(repeatability)":[171],"conducted.":[174],"These":[175],"analysed":[177],"using":[178],"kappa":[179],"biomarkers":[182],"intraclass":[185],"correlation":[186],"biomarkers.":[190],"Equations":[191],"given":[193],"which":[194],"from":[198],"or":[200],"estimate":[204],"impact":[206],"nondifferential":[208,226],"measurement":[210],"on":[212],"risk":[214,232,259],"ratio":[215,233,260],"will":[221],"Under":[225],"attenuation":[229],"towards":[235],"null":[237],"often":[240],"quite":[241],"substantial,":[242],"even":[243],"reasonably":[245],"accurate":[246],"measures.":[248],"Differential":[249],"cases":[253],"controls":[255],"can":[256],"any":[262],"direction":[263],"completely":[265],"invalidate":[266],"study.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
