{"id":"https://openalex.org/W91079336","doi":null,"title":"Effectiveness of epidural steroid injection for the management of symptomatic herniated lumbar disc.","display_name":"Effectiveness of epidural steroid injection for the management of symptomatic herniated lumbar disc.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W91079336","mag":"91079336","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:23016487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113013735","display_name":"B K Baral","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B K Baral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. bidur_baral@yahoo.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. bidur_baral@yahoo.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R R Shrestha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R R Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102965632","display_name":"Aimandu Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-592X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-592X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A B Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057378445","display_name":"C K Shrestha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C K Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"303","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-steroid-injection","display_name":"epidural steroid injection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-disc-herniation","display_name":"lumbar disc herniation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-back-pain","display_name":"low back pain","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radicular-pain","display_name":"radicular pain","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylprednisolone","display_name":"methylprednisolone","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bupivacaine","display_name":"bupivacaine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-status","display_name":"functional status","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-relief","display_name":"analgesia","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effectiveness","display_name":"treatment effectiveness","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9703436493873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777761098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382872","display_name":"Epidural steroid injection","level":4,"score":0.8688679933547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2561634","display_name":"Radicular pain","level":3,"score":0.719825267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.7017272710800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777657843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966104","display_name":"Epidural space","level":2,"score":0.6277125477790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.6269036531448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5492659211158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4967203736305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.48970916867256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4708390235900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Saline","level":2,"score":0.4582580327987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.19402173161506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007268","descriptor_name":"Injections, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007278","descriptor_name":"Injections, Spinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008159","descriptor_name":"Lumbar Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008775","descriptor_name":"Methylprednisolone","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008775","descriptor_name":"Methylprednisolone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:23016487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:91079336","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558103932","https://openalex.org/W1574199527","https://openalex.org/W1924732381","https://openalex.org/W1975373110","https://openalex.org/W1988562956","https://openalex.org/W1999497530","https://openalex.org/W2017778083","https://openalex.org/W2030430403","https://openalex.org/W2034586159","https://openalex.org/W2044431856","https://openalex.org/W2045594606","https://openalex.org/W2046548607","https://openalex.org/W2051134781","https://openalex.org/W2063936038","https://openalex.org/W2069323251","https://openalex.org/W2071042968","https://openalex.org/W2074618658","https://openalex.org/W2074839268","https://openalex.org/W2100243067","https://openalex.org/W2106889621","https://openalex.org/W2112746105","https://openalex.org/W2143247983","https://openalex.org/W2157970532","https://openalex.org/W2159864244","https://openalex.org/W2216672265","https://openalex.org/W2419622411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159211076","https://openalex.org/W2956631730","https://openalex.org/W1864717887","https://openalex.org/W2888338466","https://openalex.org/W4405763902","https://openalex.org/W2605214329","https://openalex.org/W2940297969","https://openalex.org/W2346185942","https://openalex.org/W3201626906","https://openalex.org/W7133139016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-back":[0],"pain":[1,27,53,115,177,233],"is":[2,12,28,54,60,78,94,264],"a":[3,65,95,265],"common":[4,15],"clinical":[5],"presentation":[6],"of":[7,18,24,33,50,75,83,110,129,148,156,170,176,235,252,276],"herniated":[8,118,130,278],"lumbar":[9,119,131,164],"disc.":[10],"This":[11,93],"the":[13,19,34,81,104,108,127,162,171,174,186,202,219,236,243,274],"most":[14],"presenting":[16,106],"complain":[17,109],"young":[20],"adults.":[21],"The":[22,36,47,73,167,229,249,262],"incidence":[23],"low":[25,51,88,111],"back":[26,52,89,112],"high":[29],"in":[30,153],"our":[31],"part":[32],"world.":[35],"reason":[37],"may":[38],"be":[39],"hilly":[40],"terrain,":[41],"difficult":[42],"working":[43],"and":[44,68,90,113,145,159,173,182,194,225,232,269],"living":[45],"environment.":[46],"initial":[48],"treatment":[49,71],"conservative.":[55],"Epidural":[56],"steroid":[57,85,204],"injection":[58,86,181,184],"(ESI)":[59],"being":[61],"slowly":[62],"established":[63],"as":[64],"simple,":[66,266],"effective":[67,268],"minimally":[69,270],"invasive":[70,271],"modality.":[72],"aim":[74],"this":[76,253],"study":[77,254],"to":[79,117,123],"assess":[80],"effectiveness":[82],"epidural":[84,165,203],"for":[87,211,273],"radicular":[91,114],"pain.":[92],"Prospective":[96],"observational":[97],"study.":[98],"It":[99],"was":[100,151,255],"carried":[101],"out":[102],"on":[103],"patients":[105,128,200,209,237],"with":[107],"due":[116],"disc":[120,132],"not":[121],"responding":[122],"conservative":[124],"treatment.":[125],"All":[126],"were":[133,178,223,227,238,260],"proven":[134],"by":[135,189],"Magnetic":[136],"Resonance":[137],"Imaging":[138],"(MRI).":[139],"Injection":[140],"Methyl":[141],"prednisolone":[142],"80":[143],"mg":[144],"2":[146],"ml":[147,155],"0.5%":[149],"bupivacaine":[150],"diluted":[152],"8":[154],"normal":[157],"saline":[158],"injected":[160],"into":[161],"affected":[163],"space.":[166],"functional":[168,230],"status":[169,231],"patient":[172],"severity":[175],"evaluated":[179],"before":[180],"after":[183],"during":[185,241],"follow-up":[187,244],"period":[188],"using":[190],"Ostrewy":[191],"disability":[192],"index":[193],"visual":[195],"analogue":[196],"score.":[197],"Sixty":[198],"two":[199],"received":[201],"injections,":[205],"but":[206],"only":[207],"fifty":[208,220],"came":[210],"regular":[212],"follow":[213],"up":[214],"till":[215],"six":[216],"months.":[217],"Among":[218],"patients,":[221],"26":[222],"male":[224],"24":[226],"female.":[228],"response":[234],"improved":[239],"significantly":[240],"all":[242],"periods":[245],"(p":[246],"<":[247],"0.001).":[248],"success":[250],"rate":[251],"81%.":[256],"No":[257],"major":[258],"complications":[259],"encountered.":[261],"ESI":[263],"safe,":[267],"modality":[272],"management":[275],"symptomatic":[277],"discs.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}