{"id":"https://openalex.org/W9106419","doi":null,"title":"Science as a commodity : threats to the open community of scholars","display_name":"Science as a commodity : threats to the open community of scholars","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W9106419","mag":"9106419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:9106419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA00895095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463565","display_name":"Longman eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320559","host_organization_name":"Longman","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320559","https://openalex.org/P4310322659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Longman","Pearson Education"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Longman eBooks","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029188926","display_name":"Michael Gibbons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-902X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-902X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gibbons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030407078","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Wittrock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Wittrock","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9122807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.4162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.4162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.36250001192092896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13516","display_name":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commodification-of-science","display_name":"commodification of science","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-science","display_name":"open science","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-community","display_name":"academic community","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarly-publishing","display_name":"scholarly publishing","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-commercialization","display_name":"commercialization of research","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarly-communication","display_name":"scholarly communication","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.6412725448608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3705845773220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3440384864807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27701127529144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08006227016448975}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:9106419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA00895095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463565","display_name":"Longman eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320559","host_organization_name":"Longman","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320559","https://openalex.org/P4310322659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Longman","Pearson Education"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Longman eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298131596","https://openalex.org/W3080805711","https://openalex.org/W591535165","https://openalex.org/W2336391796","https://openalex.org/W7039231253","https://openalex.org/W2793409235","https://openalex.org/W2318422388","https://openalex.org/W2040534873","https://openalex.org/W2790214988","https://openalex.org/W3152145842"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}