{"id":"https://openalex.org/W9033320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","title":"Spacing and Testing Effects","display_name":"Spacing and Testing Effects","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W9033320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","mag":"9033320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54581057","display_name":"The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation","issn_l":"0079-7421","issn":["0079-7421","1557-802X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2232925767","display_name":"The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006857778","display_name":"Peter F. Delaney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-7219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-7219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter F. Delaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051780305","display_name":"Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-5038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-5038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter P.J.L. Verkoeijen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047427605","display_name":"Arie S. Spirgel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arie Spirgel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.3188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":277,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9941691,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacing-effect","display_name":"spacing effect","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testing-effect","display_name":"testing effect","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-practice","display_name":"distributed practice","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massed-practice","display_name":"massed practice","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-retention","display_name":"long-term retention","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recency-effect","display_name":"recency effect","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-strategy","display_name":"study strategy","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-variation","display_name":"contextual variation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restudy","display_name":"restudy","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6587239503860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.6402495503425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5706084966659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5131493210792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39510297775268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16441884636878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53003-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54581057","display_name":"The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation","issn_l":"0079-7421","issn":["0079-7421","1557-802X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":231,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11388158","https://openalex.org/W45321401","https://openalex.org/W566413896","https://openalex.org/W626113951","https://openalex.org/W1492518088","https://openalex.org/W1527475029","https://openalex.org/W1679907412","https://openalex.org/W1684927232","https://openalex.org/W1706881574","https://openalex.org/W1739779199","https://openalex.org/W1841895206","https://openalex.org/W1878893887","https://openalex.org/W1921365576","https://openalex.org/W1964270368","https://openalex.org/W1964583370","https://openalex.org/W1965069979","https://openalex.org/W1965196008","https://openalex.org/W1966245413","https://openalex.org/W1966325275","https://openalex.org/W1966530137","https://openalex.org/W1967813728","https://openalex.org/W1968155696","https://openalex.org/W1968650526","https://openalex.org/W1968820145","https://openalex.org/W1969035320","https://openalex.org/W1969122030","https://openalex.org/W1969551781","https://openalex.org/W1973000890","https://openalex.org/W1974754219","https://openalex.org/W1974874654","https://openalex.org/W1976791399","https://openalex.org/W1977030006","https://openalex.org/W1977196850","https://openalex.org/W1978355292","https://openalex.org/W1978444952","https://openalex.org/W1979163095","https://openalex.org/W1979787179","https://openalex.org/W1981434403","https://openalex.org/W1981846272","https://openalex.org/W1981850984","https://openalex.org/W1982914430","https://openalex.org/W1983949956","https://openalex.org/W1985249460","https://openalex.org/W1985762758","https://openalex.org/W1986010321","https://openalex.org/W1986340431","https://openalex.org/W1986999202","https://openalex.org/W1989865436","https://openalex.org/W1991562655","https://openalex.org/W1991850889","https://openalex.org/W1992677503","https://openalex.org/W1992982380","https://openalex.org/W1993687553","https://openalex.org/W1994102691","https://openalex.org/W1994897628","https://openalex.org/W1995730136","https://openalex.org/W1996465338","https://openalex.org/W1996929048","https://openalex.org/W1997070835","https://openalex.org/W1997355239","https://openalex.org/W1998592848","https://openalex.org/W1998598287","https://openalex.org/W1999678038","https://openalex.org/W1999763065","https://openalex.org/W2000857128","https://openalex.org/W2001308469","https://openalex.org/W2002864259","https://openalex.org/W2003788686","https://openalex.org/W2006074327","https://openalex.org/W2006223640","https://openalex.org/W2006921445","https://openalex.org/W2007481554","https://openalex.org/W2008760838","https://openalex.org/W2009005354","https://openalex.org/W2009858105","https://openalex.org/W2010259473","https://openalex.org/W2010310410","https://openalex.org/W2010840770","https://openalex.org/W2012747866","https://openalex.org/W2013439817","https://openalex.org/W2015009025","https://openalex.org/W2015541300","https://openalex.org/W2016227967","https://openalex.org/W2016550977","https://openalex.org/W2018474209","https://openalex.org/W2018838212","https://openalex.org/W2019437100","https://openalex.org/W2020393360","https://openalex.org/W2020725767","https://openalex.org/W2021603903","https://openalex.org/W2022026645","https://openalex.org/W2022899844","https://openalex.org/W2023768078","https://openalex.org/W2024462452","https://openalex.org/W2024710858","https://openalex.org/W2026097671","https://openalex.org/W2027541703","https://openalex.org/W2028938801","https://openalex.org/W2029773561","https://openalex.org/W2030034982","https://openalex.org/W2032127869","https://openalex.org/W2032840453","https://openalex.org/W2032885582","https://openalex.org/W2032899633","https://openalex.org/W2033240217","https://openalex.org/W2034704249","https://openalex.org/W2036365683","https://openalex.org/W2037004353","https://openalex.org/W2037728759","https://openalex.org/W2038291740","https://openalex.org/W2038502521","https://openalex.org/W2038671527","https://openalex.org/W2040591353","https://openalex.org/W2041268515","https://openalex.org/W2041658551","https://openalex.org/W2042339096","https://openalex.org/W2042623863","https://openalex.org/W2043167474","https://openalex.org/W2043211541","https://openalex.org/W2043527309","https://openalex.org/W2044434223","https://openalex.org/W2049047080","https://openalex.org/W2049135612","https://openalex.org/W2049428464","https://openalex.org/W2050577481","https://openalex.org/W2050969262","https://openalex.org/W2051272358","https://openalex.org/W2051966339","https://openalex.org/W2052236892","https://openalex.org/W2052843855","https://openalex.org/W2053987309","https://openalex.org/W2056068953","https://openalex.org/W2057838883","https://openalex.org/W2057863807","https://openalex.org/W2060350738","https://openalex.org/W2060543558","https://openalex.org/W2062450928","https://openalex.org/W2062471909","https://openalex.org/W2063003862","https://openalex.org/W2064023449","https://openalex.org/W2066268399","https://openalex.org/W2066310641","https://openalex.org/W2067727312","https://openalex.org/W2068970580","https://openalex.org/W2070569536","https://openalex.org/W2071688934","https://openalex.org/W2071951230","https://openalex.org/W2073222526","https://openalex.org/W2073855993","https://openalex.org/W2075474301","https://openalex.org/W2076275594","https://openalex.org/W2077319930","https://openalex.org/W2078528862","https://openalex.org/W2079163969","https://openalex.org/W2079539902","https://openalex.org/W2079971991","https://openalex.org/W2080231681","https://openalex.org/W2080877424","https://openalex.org/W2082138944","https://openalex.org/W2083410206","https://openalex.org/W2083949458","https://openalex.org/W2085098552","https://openalex.org/W2086694162","https://openalex.org/W2093542629","https://openalex.org/W2094192576","https://openalex.org/W2094256695","https://openalex.org/W2094600823","https://openalex.org/W2099013648","https://openalex.org/W2102327740","https://openalex.org/W2107533858","https://openalex.org/W2108602246","https://openalex.org/W2110065066","https://openalex.org/W2110295767","https://openalex.org/W2110758809","https://openalex.org/W2114351818","https://openalex.org/W2114929118","https://openalex.org/W2116670106","https://openalex.org/W2118667534","https://openalex.org/W2122370331","https://openalex.org/W2127360900","https://openalex.org/W2130000957","https://openalex.org/W2130144821","https://openalex.org/W2132404624","https://openalex.org/W2133289650","https://openalex.org/W2133705455","https://openalex.org/W2134907585","https://openalex.org/W2137997858","https://openalex.org/W2139719361","https://openalex.org/W2140172821","https://openalex.org/W2140218964","https://openalex.org/W2140557422","https://openalex.org/W2142886704","https://openalex.org/W2143360537","https://openalex.org/W2144489531","https://openalex.org/W2144770287","https://openalex.org/W2144795396","https://openalex.org/W2148354545","https://openalex.org/W2149650435","https://openalex.org/W2151894812","https://openalex.org/W2154663451","https://openalex.org/W2155033565","https://openalex.org/W2159140006","https://openalex.org/W2159480120","https://openalex.org/W2162796472","https://openalex.org/W2163569782","https://openalex.org/W2164485077","https://openalex.org/W2166170239","https://openalex.org/W2166200712","https://openalex.org/W2166560140","https://openalex.org/W2168292591","https://openalex.org/W2169419728","https://openalex.org/W2172207289","https://openalex.org/W2259231394","https://openalex.org/W2314558314","https://openalex.org/W2325352378","https://openalex.org/W2502894192","https://openalex.org/W2762827516","https://openalex.org/W2903541472","https://openalex.org/W3014081324","https://openalex.org/W3142508279","https://openalex.org/W4230037199","https://openalex.org/W4233831208","https://openalex.org/W4235253725","https://openalex.org/W4244357786","https://openalex.org/W4246672383","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4319292992","https://openalex.org/W6616115966","https://openalex.org/W6637775040","https://openalex.org/W6676668831","https://openalex.org/W7099603579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048977698","https://openalex.org/W2210125418","https://openalex.org/W2061802983","https://openalex.org/W2397696062","https://openalex.org/W120157444","https://openalex.org/W1739779199","https://openalex.org/W2325509774","https://openalex.org/W1973332885","https://openalex.org/W2258802047","https://openalex.org/W3021550073"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
