{"id":"https://openalex.org/W90055359","doi":null,"title":"Participation in voluntary individual savings accounts: an analysis of IRAs, 401(k)s, and the TSP.","display_name":"Participation in voluntary individual savings accounts: an analysis of IRAs, 401(k)s, and the TSP.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W90055359","mag":"90055359","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10951688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social security bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042428819","display_name":"Glenn Springstead","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G R Springstead","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112286466","display_name":"Theresa M. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T M Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9428464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-retirement-accounts","display_name":"individual retirement accounts","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/401-k-plans","display_name":"401(k) plans","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrift-savings-plan","display_name":"Thrift Savings Plan","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security","display_name":"social security","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-participation","display_name":"gender participation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-time-workers","display_name":"full-time employees","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-contributions","display_name":"matching contributions","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-education","display_name":"retirement education","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.8148329257965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.7349967956542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26077564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1910318","display_name":"Turnover","level":2,"score":0.7179903388023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6294029951095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.59005206823349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5703948736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5431455969810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5134974122047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3839830160140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3506033420562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34312525391578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.24460875988006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1729433536529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.170276939868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10879182815551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0758199691772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07363170385360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06922104954719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005382","descriptor_name":"Financing, Personal","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012179","descriptor_name":"Retirement","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012179","descriptor_name":"Retirement","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10951688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social security bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:90055359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886915580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098116932","https://openalex.org/W1582685247","https://openalex.org/W2188897254","https://openalex.org/W2011506667","https://openalex.org/W4406925810","https://openalex.org/W7010855045","https://openalex.org/W1499620848","https://openalex.org/W2066459006","https://openalex.org/W1498839223","https://openalex.org/W7095283239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"voluntary":[1,41,64,136],"individual":[2,42,65,137],"savings":[3],"accounts":[4,138],"have":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7],"by":[8,160,171,188],"some":[9],"as":[10,217],"a":[11,63,132,151,204],"part":[12],"of,":[13],"or":[14,91,145,223],"in":[15,38,62,72,101,131,142,203],"addition":[16],"to,":[17],"Social":[18,172,189],"Security.":[19,173],"The":[20],"success":[21],"of":[22,105,111,118,124,126,135,153,220,234],"these":[23,194],"proposals":[24],"would":[25,139,148,208],"depend":[26,149,210],"greatly":[27],"on":[28,150,193,211],"how":[29],"many":[30,212],"workers":[31,125,186],"participate.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"compares":[35],"participation":[36,109,122,130,141,198],"rates":[37,110,123,199],"three":[39],"existing":[40],"account-type":[43],"plans--Individual":[44],"Retirement":[45],"Accounts":[46],"(IRAs),":[47],"401(k)s,":[48,74,144],"and":[49,75,88,113,162,181,231],"the":[50,76,96,106,119,146,157,163,218,227,232],"federal":[51],"Thrift":[52],"Savings":[53],"Plan":[54],"(TSP)--to":[55],"clarify":[56],"expectations":[57],"about":[58],"who":[59],"might":[60],"participate":[61],"account":[66],"system.":[67,206],"It":[68],"finds":[69],"that":[70,169,197],"participants":[71,183],"IRAs,":[73,143],"TSP":[77,147,164,182],"tend":[78],"to":[79,237],"be":[80,201],"disproportionately":[81],"male,":[82],"higher":[83,178],"earners,":[84],"older,":[85],"full-time":[86],"workers,":[87],"either":[89],"white":[90],"nonblack":[92],"minorities":[93],"compared":[94],"with":[95],"population":[97,158],"at":[98],"large.":[99],"Differences":[100],"earnings":[102,175],"explain":[103],"much":[104,166],"difference":[107,120],"between":[108,121],"men":[112],"women,":[114],"however,":[115,215],"but":[116],"less":[117],"different":[127],"races.":[128],"Whether":[129],"new":[133],"system":[134],"resemble":[140],"number":[152],"factors.":[154],"For":[155],"instance,":[156],"covered":[159,170,187],"401(k)s":[161],"is":[165],"smaller":[167],"than":[168,184],"Average":[174],"are":[176],"also":[177,209],"among":[179],"401(k)":[180],"for":[185],"Security,":[190],"which,":[191],"based":[192],"findings,":[195],"suggests":[196],"could":[200],"lower":[202],"universal":[205],"Participation":[207],"other":[213,224],"factors,":[214],"such":[216],"extent":[219],"matching":[221],"contributions":[222],"financial":[225],"incentives,":[226],"investment":[228],"options":[229],"available,":[230],"amount":[233],"education":[235],"provided":[236],"potential":[238],"participants.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
