{"id":"https://openalex.org/W89847211","doi":null,"title":"Comorbidity between depression and cardiovascular disease.","display_name":"Comorbidity between depression and cardiovascular disease.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W89847211","mag":"89847211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19367238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015828524","display_name":"Angelos E Halaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-3067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-3067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159390","display_name":"Loyola Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04azs9g49","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A Halaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. ahalaris@lumc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. ahalaris@lumc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1925986","https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015828524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1925986","https://openalex.org/I4210159390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95569559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"92","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathoadrenal-response","display_name":"sympathoadrenal response","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagal-tone","display_name":"vagal tone","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis","display_name":"hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercortisolism","display_name":"hypercortisolism","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-activation","display_name":"platelet activation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercoagulability","display_name":"hypercoagulability","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-dysfunction","display_name":"endothelial dysfunction","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonergic-neurotransmission","display_name":"serotonergic neurotransmission","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors","display_name":"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8476178646087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.7497470378875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6836610436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018697912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179217","display_name":"Platelet activation","level":3,"score":0.5190468430519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5148105025291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43588533997535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4278066158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3749672770500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89560881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101026","display_name":"Platelet","level":2,"score":0.09251827001571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001792","descriptor_name":"Blood Platelets","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004730","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Vascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009490","descriptor_name":"Neurosecretory Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009490","descriptor_name":"Neurosecretory Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009569","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017367","descriptor_name":"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018836","descriptor_name":"Inflammation Mediators","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19367238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:89847211","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397787380","https://openalex.org/W2549562002","https://openalex.org/W1571012440","https://openalex.org/W1501211311","https://openalex.org/W1976725377","https://openalex.org/W7100987533","https://openalex.org/W2028697909","https://openalex.org/W2047316517","https://openalex.org/W3093250904","https://openalex.org/W4414977626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Morbidity":[0],"and":[1,70,99,107,131,138,151,177,189,209,225,231],"mortality":[2],"of":[3,23,54,62,68,109,119,153],"cardiovascular":[4,229],"disease":[5,168,201],"(CVD)":[6],"is":[7,13,164],"exceedingly":[8],"high":[9,35],"worldwide.":[10],"Depressive":[11],"illness":[12,17],"a":[14,20,50,182],"serious":[15],"psychiatric":[16],"that":[18,34],"afflicts":[19],"significant":[21],"portion":[22],"the":[24,60,74,97,100,199],"population":[25],"in":[26,113,124,136,175,216,221],"all":[27],"countries.":[28],"Numerous":[29],"epidemiological":[30],"studies":[31],"have":[32,47,83,133,156],"confirmed":[33],"comorbidity":[36],"exists":[37],"between":[38,96,198],"these":[39],"two":[40,200],"conditions.":[41],"Apparently":[42],"healthy":[43],"individuals":[44],"with":[45,103,126,142,166],"depression":[46,64,137,163,176,204,218],"at":[48],"least":[49],"two-fold":[51],"higher":[52],"risk":[53,67],"developing":[55],"CVD.":[56],"Following":[57],"myocardial":[58],"infarction":[59],"emergence":[61],"clinical":[63],"poses":[65],"heightened":[66],"morbidity":[69,230],"mortality.":[71,232],"To":[72],"understand":[73],"complex":[75],"mechanisms":[76],"accountable":[77],"for":[78,185],"this":[79,186],"comorbidity,":[80],"several":[81],"factors":[82,116],"been":[84,134,158,173],"considered.":[85],"They":[86],"include":[87],"pathophysiologic":[88],"factors,":[89],"such":[90],"as":[91],"sympathoadrenal":[92],"activation,":[93],"homeostatic":[94],"imbalance":[95],"sympathetic":[98],"parasympathetic":[101],"systems":[102],"diminished":[104],"vagal":[105],"tone":[106],"loss":[108],"heart":[110],"rate":[111],"variability":[112],"depression.":[114],"Neuroendocrine":[115],"consist":[117],"mainly":[118],"hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal":[120],"axis":[121],"activation":[122,130,224],"resulting":[123],"hypercortisolemia":[125],"associated":[127],"sequelae.":[128],"Platelet":[129],"hypercoaguability":[132],"demonstrated":[135],"appear":[139],"to":[140,180],"normalize":[141],"selective":[143],"serotonin":[144],"reuptake":[145],"inhibitor":[146],"(SSRI)":[147],"treatment.":[148],"Inflammatory":[149],"processes":[150],"release":[152],"proinflammatory":[154],"cytokines":[155],"also":[157,220],"described":[159],"whether":[160],"or":[161],"not":[162,214],"comorbid":[165],"another":[167],"entity.":[169],"Endothelial":[170],"dysfunction":[171],"has":[172],"detected":[174],"may":[178,193],"prove":[179],"be":[181,194,206],"trait":[183],"marker":[184],"illness.":[187],"Central":[188],"peripheral":[190],"serotonergic":[191],"transmission":[192],"one":[195],"common":[196],"link":[197],"entities.":[202],"Comorbid":[203],"must":[205],"treated":[207],"vigorously":[208],"SSRIs":[210],"exert":[211],"beneficial":[212],"action":[213],"only":[215],"ameliorating":[217],"but":[219],"reversing":[222],"platelet":[223],"inflammation,":[226],"thereby":[227],"reducing":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}