{"id":"https://openalex.org/W89512409","doi":null,"title":"Managing the world's forests.","display_name":"Managing the world's forests.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W89512409","mag":"89512409","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12285662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance & development","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R Rowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91657297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"31","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.09229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"forest management","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-degradation","display_name":"forest degradation","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-forests","display_name":"tropical forests","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-forests","display_name":"temperate forests","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-versus-development","display_name":"conservation versus development","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-rights","display_name":"property rights","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-policy","display_name":"forest policy","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reforestation","display_name":"reforestation","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-forest-management","display_name":"sustainable forest management","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-policy","display_name":"land use policy","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-fuel","display_name":"fuelwood","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-ranching","display_name":"cattle ranching","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-encroachment","display_name":"agricultural encroachment","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6052279472351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.5630258321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154575652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815818","display_name":"Reforestation","level":2,"score":0.5269354581832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49988722801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48583289980888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556436288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333175","display_name":"Ecoforestry","level":5,"score":0.43197494745254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.41472917795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.41284891963005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.37811774015426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32010605931282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31115758419036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203132368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373696","display_name":"Intact forest landscape","level":4,"score":0.3018353581428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.22098928689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19109758734703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.1423216164112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003247","descriptor_name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004467","descriptor_name":"Economics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004787","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011153","descriptor_name":"Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011157","descriptor_name":"Population Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011158","descriptor_name":"Population Growth","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12285662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance & development","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:89512409","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W372820712","https://openalex.org/W2009579352","https://openalex.org/W1584533730","https://openalex.org/W1996865481","https://openalex.org/W2952019900","https://openalex.org/W4238654371","https://openalex.org/W7061858295","https://openalex.org/W766122110","https://openalex.org/W7073632583","https://openalex.org/W2009374431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forests":[0],"play":[1],"a":[2,212],"vital":[3],"role":[4,101],"in":[5,37,43,53,59,69,82,102,210],"balancing":[6],"natural":[7],"systems:":[8],"the":[9,15,23,32,41,117,184,197,200,208,223,235],"stabilization":[10],"of":[11,17,22,31,48,65,140,186,287],"global":[12,239,314],"climate":[13],"and":[14,19,40,45,63,76,95,124,134,157,168,172,177,196,204,218,221,227,238,260,267,273,291,303,326,331],"management":[16,295,318],"water":[18],"land.":[20],"30%":[21],"earth's":[24],"total":[25],"land":[26,304],"area":[27],"is":[28,104,129,232,319],"forested.":[29],"66%":[30],"tropical":[33,49],"moist":[34],"forests":[35,51,56,66,133],"are":[36,52,57,163],"Latin":[38],"America":[39],"remainder":[42],"Africa":[44],"Asia.":[46],"75%":[47],"dry":[50],"Africa.":[54],"Temperate":[55],"primarily":[58,68],"developed":[60],"countries.":[61],"Deforestation":[62],"misuse":[64],"occurs":[67],"developing":[70],"countries":[71],"at":[72,234],"significant":[73],"social,":[74,167],"economic,":[75,166],"environmental":[77,216],"costs.":[78,229],"Losses":[79],"have":[80],"occurred":[81],"fuelwood,":[83],"fodder,":[84],"timber,":[85],"forest":[86,136,141,192,244,274,310,317],"products,":[87,220],"biological":[88],"diversity,":[89],"habitats,":[90],"genetic":[91],"materials":[92],"for":[93,194,316,321],"food":[94],"medicine.":[96],"The":[97,127,138,179,230,246],"World":[98],"Bank's":[99],"evolving":[100],"forestry":[103],"briefly":[105],"described.":[106],"Agreement":[107],"has":[108],"not":[109],"been":[110],"reached":[111],"among":[112],"people":[113],"or":[114],"nations":[115],"about":[116],"most":[118],"appropriate":[119],"means":[120],"to":[121,130,284],"balance":[122],"conservation":[123],"development":[125],"goals.":[126],"challenge":[128],"stabilize":[131],"existing":[132,247],"increase":[135],"planting.":[137],"causes":[139,147,162],"degradation":[142],"must":[143,242,253,263,276,281,299,307],"be":[144,254,264,277,282,300],"understood.":[145],"Direct":[146],"include":[148],"agricultural":[149,325],"encroachment,":[150],"cattle":[151],"ranching,":[152],"fuelwood":[153],"gathering,":[154],"commercial":[155],"logging,":[156],"infrastructure":[158],"development.":[159],"These":[160],"direct":[161],"driven":[164],"by":[165],"political":[169],"forces:":[170],"market":[171,180],"policy":[173,259],"failures,":[174],"population":[175],"growth,":[176],"poverty.":[178],"failures":[181],"include:":[182],"1)":[183],"lack":[185],"clearly":[187,301],"defined":[188,302],"property":[189],"rights":[190,298],"on":[191,214,271],"resources":[193],"now":[195],"future,":[198],"2)":[199],"conflict":[201],"between":[202,225],"individual":[203],"societal":[205],"needs,":[206],"3)":[207],"difficulty":[209],"placing":[211],"value":[213],"nonmarket":[215],"services":[217],"joint":[219],"4)":[222],"separation":[224],"private":[226],"social":[228],"solution":[231],"action":[233],"local,":[236],"national,":[237],"levels.":[240],"Countries":[241],"establish":[243],"policy.":[245],"government":[248],"incentives":[249,280],"which":[250],"promote":[251,285],"deforestation":[252],"changed.":[255],"For":[256],"example,":[257],"concession":[258],"royalty":[261],"systems":[262],"corrected;":[265],"explicit":[266],"implicit":[268],"export":[269],"subsidies":[270],"timber":[272],"products":[275],"stopped.":[278],"Private":[279],"established":[283],"planting":[286],"trees,":[288],"practicing":[289],"preservation,":[290],"setting":[292],"up":[293],"sustainable":[294,329],"systems.":[296],"Property":[297],"use":[305,311],"policies":[306],"spell":[308],"out":[309],"patterns.":[312],"A":[313],"strategy":[315],"needed":[320],"conservation,":[322],"protection,":[323],"reforestation,":[324],"rural":[327],"development,":[328],"use,":[330],"research":[332],"with":[333],"funding.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
