{"id":"https://openalex.org/W892994691","doi":null,"title":"The Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role in understanding disease dynamics in high prevalence settings in Southern Africa Region","display_name":"The Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role in understanding disease dynamics in high prevalence settings in Southern Africa Region","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W892994691","mag":"892994691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020688960","display_name":"Violet N Chihota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-9266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-9266"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Violet Chihota","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-9266","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020688960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoligotyping","display_name":"spoligotyping","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/is6110-rflp","display_name":"IS6110 RFLP","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-number-of-tandem-repeats","display_name":"variable number tandem repeats","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-tuberculosis","display_name":"drug-resistant tuberculosis","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-transmission","display_name":"tuberculosis transmission","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-risk-factors","display_name":"tuberculosis risk factors","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-africa","display_name":"Southern Africa","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zimbabwe","display_name":"Zimbabwe","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.7044619917869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.6715096831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.6489012241363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6468979716300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5277809500694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37197351455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.37104737758636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3511369824409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34317708015441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3276340663433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.12903624773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.12663424015045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10088473558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:892994691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/10019.1/6902/3/chihota_molecular_2011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":171,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14677770","https://openalex.org/W38376940","https://openalex.org/W50970444","https://openalex.org/W90669179","https://openalex.org/W93149209","https://openalex.org/W102561210","https://openalex.org/W136206110","https://openalex.org/W153146112","https://openalex.org/W186307931","https://openalex.org/W215320413","https://openalex.org/W322208215","https://openalex.org/W331077154","https://openalex.org/W574864588","https://openalex.org/W850469031","https://openalex.org/W888749493","https://openalex.org/W1125319649","https://openalex.org/W1223191134","https://openalex.org/W1274794040","https://openalex.org/W1510389102","https://openalex.org/W1521244167","https://openalex.org/W1605141922","https://openalex.org/W1643938048","https://openalex.org/W1734710608","https://openalex.org/W1812218081","https://openalex.org/W1884882993","https://openalex.org/W1922405592","https://openalex.org/W1938914100","https://openalex.org/W1949981983","https://openalex.org/W1963891564","https://openalex.org/W1964501807","https://openalex.org/W1965752714","https://openalex.org/W1966340693","https://openalex.org/W1968593986","https://openalex.org/W1972925912","https://openalex.org/W1975626723","https://openalex.org/W1977033353","https://openalex.org/W1980090298","https://openalex.org/W1980798504","https://openalex.org/W1985986410","https://openalex.org/W1994007828","https://openalex.org/W1995685270","https://openalex.org/W1999809115","https://openalex.org/W2006126649","https://openalex.org/W2010921156","https://openalex.org/W2011261850","https://openalex.org/W2014185894","https://openalex.org/W2016799955","https://openalex.org/W2019023077","https://openalex.org/W2030966943","https://openalex.org/W2033354943","https://openalex.org/W2035579424","https://openalex.org/W2042386177","https://openalex.org/W2043074856","https://openalex.org/W2045046538","https://openalex.org/W2045059426","https://openalex.org/W2046333460","https://openalex.org/W2055648403","https://openalex.org/W2057228732","https://openalex.org/W2060003027","https://openalex.org/W2060248414","https://openalex.org/W2064943876","https://openalex.org/W2069327645","https://openalex.org/W2069682435","https://openalex.org/W2071310636","https://openalex.org/W2072113124","https://openalex.org/W2073313068","https://openalex.org/W2076397540","https://openalex.org/W2078534607","https://openalex.org/W2079757735","https://openalex.org/W2082805499","https://openalex.org/W2087475619","https://openalex.org/W2087793347","https://openalex.org/W2091351254","https://openalex.org/W2094136073","https://openalex.org/W2095960037","https://openalex.org/W2096001430","https://openalex.org/W2096162460","https://openalex.org/W2096259520","https://openalex.org/W2096665538","https://openalex.org/W2098069707","https://openalex.org/W2098264093","https://openalex.org/W2098637696","https://openalex.org/W2099326022","https://openalex.org/W2099800272","https://openalex.org/W2099981494","https://openalex.org/W2100069291","https://openalex.org/W2100887397","https://openalex.org/W2101973938","https://openalex.org/W2103029344","https://openalex.org/W2105154181","https://openalex.org/W2107166218","https://openalex.org/W2108542673","https://openalex.org/W2108606970","https://openalex.org/W2109273367","https://openalex.org/W2109921486","https://openalex.org/W2110833355","https://openalex.org/W2111015704","https://openalex.org/W2111582999","https://openalex.org/W2112605955","https://openalex.org/W2112687806","https://openalex.org/W2112909982","https://openalex.org/W2113225407","https://openalex.org/W2115317782","https://openalex.org/W2115705505","https://openalex.org/W2116005940","https://openalex.org/W2117034387","https://openalex.org/W2117580564","https://openalex.org/W2118795566","https://openalex.org/W2119448868","https://openalex.org/W2119600128","https://openalex.org/W2120566369","https://openalex.org/W2123968179","https://openalex.org/W2125140731","https://openalex.org/W2126144989","https://openalex.org/W2132045514","https://openalex.org/W2132384500","https://openalex.org/W2132397638","https://openalex.org/W2132732589","https://openalex.org/W2133257688","https://openalex.org/W2134162738","https://openalex.org/W2134558351","https://openalex.org/W2134654426","https://openalex.org/W2135029894","https://openalex.org/W2136367459","https://openalex.org/W2136743339","https://openalex.org/W2136851522","https://openalex.org/W2140402634","https://openalex.org/W2142392294","https://openalex.org/W2143419435","https://openalex.org/W2144010669","https://openalex.org/W2144870032","https://openalex.org/W2145257329","https://openalex.org/W2145874586","https://openalex.org/W2148060612","https://openalex.org/W2148472131","https://openalex.org/W2149061653","https://openalex.org/W2149471632","https://openalex.org/W2150322613","https://openalex.org/W2152047374","https://openalex.org/W2152324490","https://openalex.org/W2153092680","https://openalex.org/W2153963643","https://openalex.org/W2154022183","https://openalex.org/W2154091239","https://openalex.org/W2154459996","https://openalex.org/W2155426412","https://openalex.org/W2155663794","https://openalex.org/W2156887574","https://openalex.org/W2157542228","https://openalex.org/W2157737997","https://openalex.org/W2162228209","https://openalex.org/W2162912294","https://openalex.org/W2163947570","https://openalex.org/W2164403160","https://openalex.org/W2165096357","https://openalex.org/W2165153405","https://openalex.org/W2166346373","https://openalex.org/W2168156690","https://openalex.org/W2168859775","https://openalex.org/W2169602677","https://openalex.org/W2170729749","https://openalex.org/W2241589137","https://openalex.org/W2319442185","https://openalex.org/W2322413707","https://openalex.org/W2336080030","https://openalex.org/W2395556051","https://openalex.org/W2398183341","https://openalex.org/W2399792626","https://openalex.org/W2409190035","https://openalex.org/W2411376140","https://openalex.org/W2437585551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033354230","https://openalex.org/W1917869414","https://openalex.org/W3041436898","https://openalex.org/W2165096357","https://openalex.org/W182155318","https://openalex.org/W3196900567","https://openalex.org/W2006612250","https://openalex.org/W3024153726","https://openalex.org/W2276094411","https://openalex.org/W2144070080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ENGLISH":[0],"ABSTRACT:":[1],"The":[2,88,144,164,280,402,444],"tuberculosis":[3,22,70,335,352,375,416,440],"(TB)":[4],"incidence":[5,183],"has":[6],"increased":[7],"in":[8,56,75,116,129,150,161,172,181,263,312,337,354,378,420,441,487],"Southern":[9,57,103,130,340,355,379],"Africa":[10,141,276,422],"and":[11,61,98,107,142,175,195,209,226,237,251,267,277,299,302,321,399,411,452],"the":[12,17,32,44,51,92,102,159,270,313,328,347,368,373,429,434,465,475,481],"situation":[13],"is":[14,367,427],"worsened":[15],"by":[16],"emergence":[18],"of":[19,35,40,46,54,85,124,158,167,212,333,339,350,405,437,450,483,494,498],"drug-resistant":[20,409,413,438,488],"Mycobacterium":[21],"strains.":[23],"Molecular":[24],"biological":[25],"techniques":[26,48],"have":[27,291,391],"been":[28],"used":[29],"to":[30,49,67,91,135,178,203,215,269,290,327,371,432,470,490],"understand":[31,50],"disease":[33,52,201,213,229],"dynamics":[34,53],"TB.":[36],"In":[37],"a":[38,79,82,155,234],"series":[39],"studies":[41,188,320,325],"we":[42,77,99],"describe":[43,372,433],"use":[45],"these":[47,186,319],"TB":[55,73,86,241,315,395],"Africa.":[58,163,341,380,443],"Using":[59,242],"spoligotyping":[60,357],"IS6110-restriction":[62],"fragment":[63],"length":[64],"polymorphism":[65],"(RFLP)":[66],"characterize":[68],"M.":[69,334,351,374,415,439],"strains":[71,125,146,160,169,217,271,282,296,353],"from":[72,137,272,283,297,318,323,361,418,468],"patients":[74],"Zimbabwe,":[76,174],"identified":[78,262],"genotype":[80,89],"causing":[81],"disproportionate":[83],"number":[84],"cases.":[87],"belonged":[90],"Latin":[93],"American":[94],"Mediterranean":[95],"(LAM)":[96],"lineage":[97],"named":[100],"it":[101,110,189],"Africa1":[104],"(SAF1)":[105],"family":[106,123],"later":[108],"renamed":[109],"SAF1/RDRio,":[111],"also":[112,424,446],"reflecting":[113],"its":[114],"predominance":[115],"South":[117,140,162,275,286,421,442],"America.":[118],"To":[119,342],"establish":[120],"if":[121],"this":[122],"was":[126,170,176,190,222,423,462],"predominant":[127],"elsewhere":[128],"Africa,":[131,287,356],"genotypes":[132,332,382,451],"were":[133,147,153,198,218,265,288,303,364,383],"compared":[134,268],"those":[136,322,495],"Western":[138],"Cape,":[139],"Zambia.":[143],"SAF1/RDRio":[145,168,216,232],"highly":[148,238],"prevalent":[149],"Zambia":[151],"but":[152],"only":[154],"minor":[156],"fraction":[157],"geographical":[165],"distribution":[166],"determined":[171],"Gweru,":[173],"found":[177,223,289],"be":[179],"spread":[180],"high":[182],"areas.":[184],"From":[185],"two":[187],"hypothesized":[191],"that":[192,231,330],"certain":[193],"host":[194],"bacterial":[196],"factors":[197,208],"associated":[199,384],"with":[200,224,295,385,455],"due":[202,214],"SAF1/RDRio.":[204],"Subsequently":[205],"potential":[206],"risk":[207,497],"clinical":[210],"outcomes":[211],"explored.":[219],"An":[220],"association":[221,454],"smoking":[225],"cavitary":[227],"pulmonary":[228],"suggesting":[230,306,472],"caused":[233],"more":[235],"severe":[236],"transmissible":[239],"formof":[240],"IS6110-RFLP,":[243],"principal":[244],"genetic":[245,485],"grouping,":[246],"spoligotyping,":[247],"IS6110":[248,258],"insertion-site":[249],"mapping":[250],"variable-number":[252],"tandem":[253],"repeats":[254],"(VNTR)":[255],"typing,":[256],"low":[257],"copy":[259],"clade":[260],"(LCC)":[261],"Zimbabwe":[264,298],"characterized":[266],"Cape":[273,284],"Town,":[274,285],"other":[278,300,324],"regions.":[279,388],"LCC":[281],"close":[292],"evolutionary":[293],"relationship":[294],"regions":[301,338],"widely":[304],"distributed":[305],"they":[307],"play":[308],"an":[309,344,453],"important":[310,392],"role":[311],"global":[314],"epidemic.":[316],"Observations":[317],"led":[326],"hypothesis":[329],"specific":[331,386,476],"predominate":[336],"gain":[343],"insight":[345],"on":[346],"population":[348,376,403,435],"structure":[349,377,404,436],"and/or":[358],"IS6110-RFLP":[359],"data":[360],"eight":[362],"countries":[363],"compared.":[365],"This":[366,426],"first":[369,430],"study":[370,431],"Distinct":[381],"geographic":[387,448],"These":[389,478],"findings":[390,479],"implications":[393],"for":[394,474],"diagnostics,":[396],"anti-TB":[397],"drug":[398],"vaccine":[400],"development.":[401],"multidrug-resistant":[406],"(MDR),":[407],"pre-extensively":[408],"(pre-XDR)":[410],"extensively":[412],"(XDR)":[414],"isolates":[417,466],"provinces":[419],"determined.":[425],"again":[428],"results":[445],"showed":[447],"localization":[449],"resistance":[456],"class.":[457],"However,":[458],"decreasing":[459],"strain":[460],"diversity":[461],"observed":[463],"as":[464],"evolved":[467],"MDR-TB":[469],"XDR-TB":[471],"selection":[473],"genotypes.":[477],"highlight":[480],"importance":[482],"identifying":[484],"markers":[486],"strains,":[489],"enhance":[491],"early":[492],"detection":[493],"at":[496],"developing":[499],"XDR-TB.":[500]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
