{"id":"https://openalex.org/W89257706","doi":null,"title":"Carpets For Commerce: Rug-Weaving In The Caucasus","display_name":"Carpets For Commerce: Rug-Weaving In The Caucasus","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W89257706","mag":"89257706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:tsaconf-1595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","pdf_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065099724","display_name":"Carol Manson Bier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0771-237X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0771-237X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carol Bier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065099724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10344828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13316","display_name":"Crafts, Textile, and Design","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13316","display_name":"Crafts, Textile, and Design","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12514","display_name":"Fashion and Cultural Textiles","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12890","display_name":"Eurasian Exchange Networks","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caucasian-carpets","display_name":"Caucasian carpets","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carpet-weaving","display_name":"carpet weaving","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shah-abbas","display_name":"Shah Abbas","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-trade","display_name":"textile trade","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embroidery","display_name":"embroidery","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-economic-system","display_name":"Soviet economic system","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perestroika","display_name":"perestroika","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-enterprises","display_name":"private enterprises","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-exports","display_name":"textile exports","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20th-century","display_name":"20th century","score":0.8840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54525549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553445","display_name":"Weaving","level":2,"score":0.9323140978813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6025004386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5331569910049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.52266925573349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.47702857851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.4505133032798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36967676877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3381994366645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3250104784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32223746180534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19074669480323792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.18424975872039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:tsaconf-1595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","pdf_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:89257706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1595&context=tsaconf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:tsaconf-1595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","pdf_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W89257706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W89257706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641603766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7017929371","https://openalex.org/W7139684027","https://openalex.org/W4400508387","https://openalex.org/W7036339142","https://openalex.org/W560176403","https://openalex.org/W3097803868","https://openalex.org/W611726971","https://openalex.org/W6990577747","https://openalex.org/W2539000641","https://openalex.org/W2902894175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,4,35,39,42,50,59,73,128,137,140,150,162,172,195,199,205,235,267,286,290,294],"turn":[2,40],"of":[3,23,41,52,58,67,90,99,113,124,139,156,161,171,174,176,185,198,210,222,237,269,271,274,285],"20th":[5,43],"century,":[6,44,296],"Caucasian":[7,157],"carpets":[8,91,125,212,223],"were":[9],"in":[10,34,64,72,127,181,204,244,293],"great":[11],"demand":[12],"among":[13],"burgeoning":[14],"European":[15],"and":[16,49,69,77,85,103,110,120,145,152,187,239,279],"American":[17],"middle-class":[18],"markets.":[19],"With":[20],"a":[21,97,182,251],"history":[22],"carpet":[24,163],"production":[25,89],"going":[26],"back":[27],"at":[28,38],"least":[29],"three":[30,122],"hundred":[31],"years,":[32],"rug-weaving":[33,71],"Caucasus":[36,74,129],"soared":[37],"first":[45,151],"with":[46],"economic":[47,61,196],"incentives":[48],"encouragement":[51],"czarist":[53],"regimes,":[54],"later":[55],"as":[56,96,178,213],"part":[57],"Soviet":[60],"system.":[62],"Today,":[63],"an":[65],"age":[66],"perestroika":[68],"glasnost.":[70],"for":[75,130,142,226,229],"commerce":[76],"export":[78],"lends":[79],"itself":[80],"readily":[81],"to":[82,93,118,298],"individual":[83],"initiatives":[84],"private":[86],"enterprise.":[87],"Commercial":[88],"continues":[92],"be":[94,263],"recognized":[95],"means":[98],"generating":[100],"both":[101],"income":[102],"hard":[104],"currency.":[105],"Drawing":[106],"upon":[107,217,234,241,266],"inferential,":[108],"internal,":[109,232],"external":[111],"sources":[112],"information,":[114],"this":[115,245,301],"paper":[116],"seeks":[117],"identify":[119],"analyze":[121],"categories":[123,135],"produced":[126,292],"commerce.":[131],"What":[132],"distinguishes":[133],"these":[134],"is":[136,231],"nature":[138],"evidence":[141,228],"their":[143],"identification":[144,230,268],"interpretation.":[146],"\"Dragon":[147],"carpets\"":[148],"comprise":[149],"earliest":[153],"known":[154],"group":[155,261],"carpets.":[158],"Physical":[159],"features":[160],"suggest":[164],"commercialized":[165],"production.":[166],"\"Dragon\"":[167],"carpets,":[168],"so-called":[169],"because":[170],"representation":[173],"pairs":[175],"dragons":[177],"one":[179],"element":[180],"complex":[183],"composition":[184],"design":[186],"pattern,":[188],"may":[189,262],"have":[190],"been":[191],"directly":[192],"influenced":[193],"by":[194],"policies":[197],"Safavid":[200],"ruler":[201],"Shah":[202],"Abbas":[203],"17th":[206],"century.":[207],"The":[208],"interpretation":[209],"\"dragon\"":[211],"commercial":[214,287],"products":[215],"relies":[216],"inference.":[218],"A":[219],"second":[220],"category":[221,246],"are":[224],"those":[225],"which":[227,249],"based":[233,265],"relationship":[236],"structure":[238],"technology":[240],"design.":[242],"Carpets":[243],"exhibit":[247],"designs":[248],"betray":[250],"stylistic":[252],"influence":[253,270],"that":[254],"derives":[255],"from":[256,289],"other":[257],"textile":[258],"technologies.":[259],"This":[260],"subdivided,":[264],"indigenous":[272],"traditions":[273],"embroidery,":[275],"slit-tapestry,":[276],"dove-tailed":[277],"tapestry,":[278],"supplementary":[280],"weft-wrapping":[281],"(soumak)":[282],".":[283],"Many":[284],"rugs":[288],"Caucasus,":[291],"19th":[295],"seem":[297],"fit":[299],"within":[300],"category.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}