{"id":"https://openalex.org/W89140110","doi":null,"title":"Cultures of Trust: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Formation of Trust in an Electronic Environment","display_name":"Cultures of Trust: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Formation of Trust in an Electronic Environment","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W89140110","mag":"89140110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.31.1501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.31.1501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tml.hut.fi/Research/TeSSA/Papers/Karvonen/Karvonen_Cardholm_Nordsec_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018136970","display_name":"Kristiina Karvonen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristiina Karvonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki University of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018136970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96457906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.3353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-comparison","display_name":"cross-cultural comparison","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-shopping","display_name":"online shopping","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"usability","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"trustworthiness","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"user interface design","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finland","display_name":"Finland","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweden","display_name":"Sweden","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6400243639945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5975837707519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5744308829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5460690259933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5325208306312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.4895118474960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4601931869983673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4296822249889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4019787311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3955009877681732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3610069751739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35266539454460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3485589623451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27383658289909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2311781346797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.16130927205085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.31.1501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.31.1501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tml.hut.fi/Research/TeSSA/Papers/Karvonen/Karvonen_Cardholm_Nordsec_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:89140110","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Research/TeSSA/Papers/Karvonen/Karvonen_Cardholm_Nordsec_final.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645151075","https://openalex.org/W1556735804","https://openalex.org/W1986401249","https://openalex.org/W1989610682","https://openalex.org/W1999020641","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2065189722","https://openalex.org/W2139014488","https://openalex.org/W2146475206","https://openalex.org/W2336811793","https://openalex.org/W2342091124","https://openalex.org/W2399283659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098319410","https://openalex.org/W1556643427","https://openalex.org/W2827780802","https://openalex.org/W1986401249","https://openalex.org/W2129454392","https://openalex.org/W1999004850","https://openalex.org/W2583829641","https://openalex.org/W7008994506","https://openalex.org/W3203646023","https://openalex.org/W2132113285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,16,83],"cross-cultural":[6],"comparison":[7],"on":[8,11,19,34,133],"users'":[9],"perception":[10],"computer":[12,145],"security":[13],"issues,":[14],"with":[15,47],"special":[17],"emphasis":[18],"the":[20,36,77,91,113,116,120,123],"notion":[21],"of":[22,61,86,109,122],"trust.":[23],"The":[24,80],"study":[25],"was":[26],"conducted":[27,39],"by":[28],"bringing":[29],"together":[30],"two":[31],"previous":[32],"approaches":[33],"trust:":[35],"user":[37,125,143],"studies":[38],"previously":[40],"in":[41,45,64,71,76],"Finland":[42],"were":[43],"repeated":[44],"Sweden,":[46],"only":[48],"slight":[49],"alterations":[50],"to":[51,66,104],"account":[52,101],"for":[53,115],"national":[54,62],"features,":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57,119],"language":[58],"and":[59,89,130],"choice":[60],"examples,":[63],"order":[65],"track":[67],"down":[68],"cultural":[69,98],"variation":[70],"how":[72,90],"users":[73],"perceive":[74],"trust":[75],"electronic":[78],"world.":[79],"outcome":[81,121],"is":[82,127],"to-the-point":[84],"description":[85],"when,":[87],"where,":[88],"designer":[92],"or":[93],"system":[94],"builder":[95],"should":[96],"take":[97],"issues":[99],"into":[100],"when":[102],"trying":[103],"convince":[105],"an":[106],"online":[107],"shopper":[108],"his":[110],"trustworthiness.":[111],"Also,":[112],"checklist":[114],"designer,":[117],"presented":[118],"Finnish":[124],"study,":[126],"further":[128],"elaborated":[129],"refined":[131],"based":[132],"these":[134],"new":[135],"results.":[136],"KEYWORDS:":[137],"trust,":[138],"culture,":[139],"cross-cultural,":[140],"globalization,":[141],"usability,":[142],"interviews,":[144],"security,":[146],"BATE":[147],"model":[148],"1.":[149],"INTRODUCTION...":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}