{"id":"https://openalex.org/W89092446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z380w19","title":"Korematsu v. United States: A Constant Caution in a Time of Crisis","display_name":"Korematsu v. United States: A Constant Caution in a Time of Crisis","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W89092446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z380w19","mag":"89092446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/66283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086520583","display_name":"Susan Kiyomi Serrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-6356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-6356"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Serrano, Susan Kiyomi; Minami, Dale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086520583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03734713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12323","display_name":"Asian American and Pacific Histories","score":0.46070000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12323","display_name":"Asian American and Pacific Histories","score":0.46070000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.16279999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.12929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korematsu-v-united-states","display_name":"Korematsu v. United States","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-american-internment","display_name":"Japanese American incarceration","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supreme-court","display_name":"Supreme Court","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/due-process","display_name":"due process","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-liberties","display_name":"civil liberties","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-powers","display_name":"war powers","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7002752423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38291341066360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37291836738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2068673074245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.060640692710876465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/66283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:aalj-1084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol10/iss1/4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/54325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/54325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:89092446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/66283/1/SusanKiyomiSerranoDaleMin.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646078","display_name":"Asian American law journal","issn_l":"1939-8417","issn":["1939-8417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American law journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.15779/z380w19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z380w19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z380w19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/66283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W89092446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W89092446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126794813","https://openalex.org/W2766195398","https://openalex.org/W2195728921","https://openalex.org/W7028419312","https://openalex.org/W2999332073","https://openalex.org/W4405344456","https://openalex.org/W4388277382","https://openalex.org/W390223524","https://openalex.org/W2799422757","https://openalex.org/W3090368528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twenty":[0],"years":[1,134],"ago,":[2],"in":[3],"a":[4,17],"crowded":[5],"federal":[6],"courtroom":[7],"for":[8,65,70],"the":[9,25,81,88,93,107,117,125,136,152,164,169,175],"Northern":[10],"District":[11],"of":[12,47,56,84,178,181,199,205],"California,":[13],"Fred":[14],"Korematsu":[15,90,167],"uttered":[16],"simple":[18],"request:":[19],"\"I":[20],"would":[21],"like":[22],"to":[23,43,63,79,105,124,156,159],"see":[24],"government":[26,111],"admit":[27],"that":[28,61,100,110,128],"they":[29],"were":[30,59],"wrong":[31],"and":[32,53,75,78,109,119,158,195,201],"do":[33],"something":[34],"about":[35,122],"it":[36,123],"so":[37],"this":[38,115],"will":[39],"never":[40],"happen":[41],"again":[42],"any":[44,48,197],"American":[45,95],"citizen":[46],"race,":[49],"creed,":[50],"or":[51,192],"color.,,1Korematsu":[52],"his":[54,67,142],"team":[55],"young":[57],"lawyers":[58],"there":[60],"day":[62],"argue":[64],"vacating":[66],"1942":[68],"conviction":[69],"disobeying":[71],"military":[72,102],"wartime":[73],"exclusion":[74],"detention":[76],"orders,":[77],"end":[80],"public":[82],"stigma":[83],"disloyalty":[85],"imprinted":[86],"by":[87,203],"original":[89,165],"decision":[91,112],"onto":[92],"Japanese":[94,182],"community.Unearthed":[96],"documents":[97],"had":[98],"revealed":[99],"no":[101],"necessity":[103],"existed":[104],"justify":[106],"incarceration,":[108],"makers":[113],"knew":[114],"at":[116],"time,":[118],"later":[120],"lied":[121],"Supreme":[126,139,172],"Court?On":[127],"day,":[129],"November":[130],"19,":[131],"1983,":[132],"forty":[133],"after":[135],"United":[137,170],"States":[138,171],"Court":[140,173],"upheld":[141,174],"conviction,":[143,150],"Judge":[144],"Marilyn":[145],"Hall":[146],"Patel":[147],"reversed":[148],"Korematsu's":[149],"acknowledging":[151],"\"manifest":[153],"injustice\"":[154],"done":[155],"him":[157],"all":[160],"those":[161],"interned.3":[162],"In":[163],"1944":[166],"decision,":[168],"mass":[176],"incarceration":[177],"120,000":[179],"Americans":[180],"ancestry":[183],"during":[184],"World":[185],"War":[186],"II":[187],"without":[188,196],"charges,":[189],"notice,":[190],"trial":[191],"due":[193],"process,":[194],"evidence":[198],"espionage":[200],"sabotage":[202],"persons":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}