{"id":"https://openalex.org/W88097427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","title":"Oral Ketamine or Midazolam or Low Dose Combination for Premedication in Children","display_name":"Oral Ketamine or Midazolam or Low Dose Combination for Premedication in Children","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W88097427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","mag":"88097427","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15957724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0310057x0403200214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0310057X0403200214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109940108","display_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","issn_l":"0310-057X","issn":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0310057X0403200214","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010123464","display_name":"Vanlal M. Darlong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-5673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-5673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Darlong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110700894","display_name":"Dilip R. Shende","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Shende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002571779","display_name":"Subramanyam Ms","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Subramanyam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050483242","display_name":"Rani A. Sunder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-9048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-9048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sunder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005512839","display_name":"Amrapali Naik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9492,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89141115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"246","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11905","display_name":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premedication","display_name":"premedication","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-ketamine","display_name":"oral ketamine","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-midazolam","display_name":"oral midazolam","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-anesthesia","display_name":"pediatric anesthesia","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-surgery","display_name":"ophthalmic surgery","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-time","display_name":"recovery time","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-separation","display_name":"parental separation","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excessive-salivation","display_name":"excessive salivation","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-ketamine","display_name":"low-dose ketamine","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589604","display_name":"Premedication","level":2,"score":0.9582992792129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9300206899642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423071","display_name":"Midazolam","level":3,"score":0.9212243556976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243547","display_name":"Ketamine","level":2,"score":0.888895571231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776814716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801","display_name":"Sedation","level":2,"score":0.8334674835205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.825219452381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4360654354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.41211628913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.36365705728530884}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000759","descriptor_name":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000762","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia Recovery Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000768","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, General","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000778","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Dissociative","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008874","descriptor_name":"Midazolam","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011229","descriptor_name":"Preanesthetic Medication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013508","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0310057x0403200214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0310057X0403200214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109940108","display_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","issn_l":"0310-057X","issn":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15957724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15957724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anaesthesia and intensive care","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0310057x0403200214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0403200214","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0310057X0403200214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109940108","display_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","issn_l":"0310-057X","issn":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W88097427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W88097427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966880140","https://openalex.org/W1974857614","https://openalex.org/W1987383926","https://openalex.org/W1997774656","https://openalex.org/W2034725286","https://openalex.org/W2044002319","https://openalex.org/W2063091848","https://openalex.org/W2064330602","https://openalex.org/W2064656905","https://openalex.org/W2072993555","https://openalex.org/W2080003868","https://openalex.org/W2086439804","https://openalex.org/W2128525453","https://openalex.org/W2140702999","https://openalex.org/W2144206702","https://openalex.org/W2147474079","https://openalex.org/W2320708195","https://openalex.org/W3187236899","https://openalex.org/W4206459000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410264017","https://openalex.org/W2930157292","https://openalex.org/W140669961","https://openalex.org/W2260508743","https://openalex.org/W3156217760","https://openalex.org/W2902402068","https://openalex.org/W2188356051","https://openalex.org/W2377096942","https://openalex.org/W4390715210","https://openalex.org/W2286480428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"randomized":[1],"controlled":[2],"trial":[3],"was":[4,90,173,194,212,238],"designed":[5],"to":[6,160,204],"evaluate":[7],"whether":[8],"the":[9,62,75,93,97,108,120,129,139,145,155,177,184,197,201,216,223,242,249],"combination":[10,94,109,130,178,198,217,250],"of":[11,40,88,210,235,251],"low":[12,19],"dose":[13,20],"oral":[14,21,29,34,224,252],"midazolam":[15,30,140,185,225,257,278],"(0.25":[16,258],"mg/kg)":[17,24,32,255,259],"and":[18,58,77,142,162,256,264,269],"ketamine":[22,35,146,188,229,243,253,274],"(3":[23,254],"provides":[25],"better":[26],"premedication":[27,60,105,282],"than":[28,96,182,221,273],"(0.5":[31],"or":[33,45,187,228,277],"(6":[36],"mg/kg).":[37],"Seventy-eight":[38],"children":[39],"ASA":[41],"physical":[42],"status":[43],"I":[44],"II":[46],"scheduled":[47],"for":[48,83,168,281],"elective":[49],"ophthalmic":[50],"surgery":[51],"were":[52,78,150],"randomly":[53],"divided":[54],"into":[55],"three":[56],"groups":[57,191],"given":[59],"in":[61,92,107,119,128,138,144,154,176,196,215,222,241,283],"holding":[63],"area":[64],"30":[65],"minutes":[66,103,126],"before":[67],"surgery.":[68],"Two":[69],"subjects":[70,82],"from":[71],"each":[72],"group":[73,95,110,131,141,147,179,218,245],"vomited":[74],"medication":[76],"excluded,":[79],"leaving":[80],"72":[81],"further":[84],"analysis.":[85],"The":[86,165,233],"onset":[87,268],"sedation":[89,114,135],"earlier":[91,195],"other":[98,121],"two":[99,122],"groups.":[100,123,232],"At":[101],"10":[102,211],"after":[104],"12.5%":[106],"had":[111,132],"an":[112,133],"acceptable":[113,134],"score":[115,172,209],"compared":[116],"with":[117],"none":[118],"After":[124],"20":[125],"54%":[127],"score,":[136,158],"21%":[137],"16%":[143],"(P<0.05).":[148,192,246],"There":[149],"no":[151],"significant":[152],"differences":[153],"parental":[156,170],"separation":[157,171],"response":[159],"induction":[161],"emergence":[163],"score.":[164],"mean":[166],"time":[167,202],"best":[169],"significantly":[174,213,239],"less":[175,214],"(19+/-8":[180],"min)":[181,190,220,227,231],"either":[183],"(28+/-7)":[186],"(29+/-7":[189],"Recovery":[193],"group,":[199],"as":[200],"required":[203],"reach":[205],"a":[206,266],"modified":[207],"Aldrete":[208],"(22+/-5":[219],"(36+/-11":[226],"(38+/-8":[230],"incidence":[234],"excessive":[236],"salivation":[237],"higher":[240],"alone":[244],"In":[247],"conclusion,":[248],"has":[260],"minimal":[261],"side":[262],"effects":[263],"gives":[265],"faster":[267],"more":[270],"rapid":[271],"recovery":[272],"6":[275],"mg/kg":[276,280],"0.5":[279],"children.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}