{"id":"https://openalex.org/W86998803","doi":null,"title":"An XML-UNL Model for Knowledge-Based Annotation","display_name":"An XML-UNL Model for Knowledge-Based Annotation","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W86998803","mag":"86998803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.2093","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.2093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cicling.org/2005/UNL-book/Papers/300.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002135587","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Carde\u00f1osa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Carde\u00f1osa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071693849","display_name":"Carolina Gallardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-6908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-6908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Gallardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-6908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034817564","display_name":"Luis Iraola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Iraola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Facultad de Inform\u00e1tica, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67193455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"300","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.5151000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.5151000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.388700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12377","display_name":"Digital Humanities and Scholarship","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-annotation","display_name":"semantic annotation","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlingua","display_name":"interlingua","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"information extraction","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-analysis","display_name":"semantic analysis","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-representation","display_name":"document representation","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-documents","display_name":"electronic documents","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8619706630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.6925605535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6431093215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6410142183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.5607086420059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5541881918907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5115469694137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5104960203170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41826897859573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41139188408851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3073086738586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.2093","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.2093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cicling.org/2005/UNL-book/Papers/300.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:86998803","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cicling.org/2005/UNL-book/Abstracts/300.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406966598","display_name":"Research in Computing Science","issn_l":"1665-9899","issn":["1665-9899","1870-4069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research in computing science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4958464","https://openalex.org/W423617455","https://openalex.org/W1516417297","https://openalex.org/W1523156765","https://openalex.org/W1601908389","https://openalex.org/W2007662413","https://openalex.org/W2127589659","https://openalex.org/W2333284977","https://openalex.org/W2911706034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460273791","https://openalex.org/W2613488188","https://openalex.org/W1601672767","https://openalex.org/W7095291756","https://openalex.org/W7220751476","https://openalex.org/W2957118572","https://openalex.org/W181842503","https://openalex.org/W7099135524","https://openalex.org/W2473385918","https://openalex.org/W1537030134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Efficient":[1],"document":[2],"search":[3,21],"and":[4,43],"description":[5],"has":[6],"radically":[7],"changed":[8],"with":[9,37],"the":[10,71,100],"widespread":[11],"availability":[12],"of":[13,86,95,102],"electronic":[14],"documents":[15,90],"through":[16],"Internet.":[17,83],"Nowadays,":[18],"efficient":[19],"information":[20,30],"systems":[22],"require":[23,33],"to":[24,34,56,64,91],"go":[25],"beyond":[26],"HTMLannotated":[27],"documents.":[28],"Complex":[29],"extraction":[31],"tasks":[32],"enrich":[35],"text":[36],"semantic":[38,96],"annotations":[39,54],"that":[40,49],"allow":[41],"deeper":[42],"more":[44],"detailed":[45],"content":[46,80],"analysis.":[47],"For":[48],"purpose,":[50],"new":[51,93],"labels":[52],"or":[53],"need":[55],"be":[57],"defined.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"use":[65,85],"UNL,":[66],"an":[67],"interlingua":[68],"defined":[69],"by":[70],"United":[72],"Nations":[73],"University,":[74],"as":[75],"a":[76,92],"language":[77],"neutral":[78],"standard":[79],"representation":[81],"in":[82],"The":[84],"UNL":[87],"would":[88],"open":[89],"dimension":[94],"analysis,":[97],"thus":[98],"overcoming":[99],"limitations":[101],"current":[103],"text-based":[104],"analysis":[105],"techniques.":[106],"1":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
